摘要
为了解驻马店市主推小麦品种的抗病性和产量,于2019—2022年以西农979、郑麦7698、矮抗58、衡观35、周麦18和平安7号为试验材料,设置汝南县、上蔡县、新蔡县和驿城区4个试验点,调查小麦产量以及白粉病、纹枯病、叶锈病、黄花叶病和黑胚病的发病情况,并将病情指数和产量进行相关性分析。结果表明,2019—2020年度西农979产量为7500~8025 kg/hm^(2),中感白粉病、高抗叶锈病、高感黄花叶病、高抗纹枯病、免疫黑胚病;郑麦7698产量为7575~8250 kg/hm^(2),中抗白粉病、中抗叶锈病、中感黄花叶病、高抗纹枯病、高抗黑胚病;矮抗58产量为7050~8100 kg/hm^(2),中抗白粉病、中感叶锈病、高感黄花叶病、中感纹枯病、中抗黑胚病;衡观35产量为7050~7200 kg/hm^(2),中抗白粉病、中抗叶锈病、高抗黄花叶病、中感纹枯病、中感黑胚病;周麦18产量为7650~8100 kg/hm^(2),中抗白粉病、中感叶锈病、高感黄花叶病、中感纹枯病、中抗黑胚病;平安7号产量为7125~7500 kg/hm^(2),中感白粉病、中抗叶锈病、中感黄花叶病、中抗纹枯病、中感黑胚病。同时,产量与黄花叶病和黑胚病病情指数均呈极显著负相关。与2019—2020年度相比,2020—2021年度所有小麦品种产量均无明显差异,西农979对纹枯病变成中抗、对黑胚病变为高抗;矮抗58对纹枯病变为中抗、对黑胚病变为中感;衡观35对纹枯病变为中抗;周麦18对纹枯病变为中抗、对黑胚病变为中感。同时,产量与黄花叶病病情指数呈极显著负相关。与2019—2020、2020—2021年度相比,2021—2022年度衡观35和周麦18产量均明显减少,西农979、郑麦7698和平安7号对叶锈病均变为中感,矮抗58和周麦18对叶锈病均变为高感。同时,产量与白粉病、纹枯病和黑胚病病情指数均呈极显著负相关。研究分析驻马店市主推小麦品种的抗病性和产量,以制定适宜的田间管理措施,促进驻马店市小麦的安全生产。
In order to understand the disease resistance and yield of main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,four experimental sites were set up in Runan County,Shangcai County,Xincai County and Yicheng District from 2019 to 2022,using Xinnong 979,Zhengmai 7698,Aikang 58,Hengguan 35,Zhoumai 18 and Ping’an 7 as experimental materials.The yield of wheat and the incidence of powdery mildew,sheath blight,leaf rust,yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease were investigated,and the correlation between disease index and yield was analyzed.The results showed that the yield of Xinong 979 in 2019—2020 was 7500—8025 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,high resistance to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and immune to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhengmai 7698 was 7575—8250 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and high resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Aikang 58 was 7050—8100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Hengguan 35 was 7050—7200 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee resistance to leaf rust,high resistance to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhoumai 18 was 7650—8100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Ping’an 7 was 7125—7500 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate resistance to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with both the disease index of yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease.Compared with 2019—2020,there was no significant difference in the yield of all wheat varieties from 2020 to 2021.Xinong 979 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and highly resistant to black embryo disease.Aikang 58 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Hengguan 35 became moderately resistant to sheath blight.Zhoumai 18 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of yellow mosaic disease.Compared with 2019—2021,the yields of Hengguan 35 and Zhoumai 18 both decreased significantly in 2021—2022.Xinong 979,Zhengmai 7698 and Ping’an 7 all became moderately susceptible to leaf rust,Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18 both became highly susceptible to leaf rust.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of powdery mildew,sheath blight and black embryo disease.This study aimed to analysis the disease resistance and yield of the main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,and to for mulate appropriate field management measures to promotion safe production of wheat in Zhumadian City.
作者
赵立尚
陈锋
马红珍
宋全昊
金艳
白冬
宋佳静
陈杰
ZHAO Lishang;CHEN Feng;MA Hongzhen;SONG Quanhao;JIN Yan;BAI Dong;SONG Jiajing;CHEN Jie(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhumadian 463000,China;College of Agriculture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《种业导刊》
2025年第5期20-28,共9页
Journal of Seed Industry Guide
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。
关键词
小麦
驻马店市
抗病性
产量
Wheat
Zhumadian City
Disease resistance
Yield
