摘要
企业数字化转型会通过传导效应影响供应链中的供应商和客户数字化转型,这是企业数字化转型的供应链扩散效应。本文引入数字化多样性概念,以刻画企业数字化资源在不同业务领域的配置和分布特征,并基于2007—2022年中国制造业上市公司的供应商与客户数据进行实证检验。研究发现,企业数字化多样性促进了下游客户数字化转型,但却抑制了上游供应商数字化转型。机制分析发现,企业数字化多样性通过激励客户的关系专有性资产投资、强化知识共享惯例以及推动双方关系的有效治理而促进其数字化转型;但与此同时,通过降低供应商的关系专有性资产投资、削弱双方资源或能力互补性以及阻碍双方关系的有效治理而抑制其数字化转型。当企业处于行业下游,双方所在地区政府数字化关注度差异大或地理距离近时,对供应商数字化转型的抑制作用更为显著;而当企业处于行业下游,双方所在地区政府数字化关注度差异小或地理距离远时,对客户数字化转型的促进作用更为显著。国有企业在供应链数字化转型的扩散效应中发挥着牵引作用。本文丰富了供应链数字化扩散效应的经验研究,也为理解国有企业牵引供应链数字化转型提供了新见解。
The digital transformation of enterprises exerts a spillover effect on their upstream and downstream partners,a process referred to as supply chain digital diffusion.Existing literature predominantly focuses on the extent of digital transformation,essentially addressing the question of whether to transform.However,the question of how to transform remains insufficiently explored.This study introduces the concept of digitalization diversity,aiming to uncover how the heterogeneity in an enterprise’s allocation of digital resources across different business domains influences the digital transformation strategies of its suppliers and customers.By analyzing supply chain data of listed manufacturing firms in China from 2007 to 2022,the study finds that enterprise digitalization diversity has a suppressing effect on the digital transformation of suppliers,but a facilitating effect on that of customers.Mechanism analysis further reveals that digitalization diversity inhibits suppliers’transformation by weakening their investments in relationship-specific assets,reducing resource and capability complementarity,and undermining effective governance.In contrast,it promotes customer transformation by enhancing relationship-specific investments,reinforcing knowledge-sharing routines,and improving governance efficiency.Moderation analysis shows that when the focal firm is a state-owned enterprise(SOE),the inhibitory effect of its digitalization diversity on supplier transformation weakens,while the promotive effect on customer transformation strengthens.This suggests that SOEs play a guiding or“pulling”role in the process of supply chain digital diffusion.Heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the suppressing effect on suppliers is more pronounced when the enterprise is located downstream in the industry,has a larger gap in digital governance emphasis compared to the supplier’s region,or is geographically closer to the supplier.Similarly,the promoting effect on customers is more pronounced when the digital governance gap with the customer’s region is smaller or when the geographic distance is greater.In both cases,the guiding role of SOEs is more evident.This study reveals that the asymmetry in supply chain digital diffusion stems not only from the distribution of relational rents across upstream and downstream partners,but also from firm ownership structures,particularly the guiding role of SOEs.The contributions of this study are as follows:First,from the research perspective,we introduce the concept of digitalization diversity to describe the strategic allocation of enterprises’digital resources.By examining how the distribution characteristics of digital transformation across different business domains influence supply chain enterprises,this study provides a novel framework for addressing the critical question of“how to transform”in the digital era.Second,this study unveils the asymmetric diffusion effect of digitalization from focal firms to suppliers and customers.By adopting a binary relational perspective,we reveal how differences in potential relational rent perception--arising from the directionality of supply chain relationships--shape distinct strategic decision-making mechanisms for suppliers and customers.This enriches the literature on digitalization diffusion within supply chains and provides deeper insights into firmlevel digital transformation dynamics.Third,this study expands the theoretical discourse on state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and their digitalization spillover effects.Our findings demonstrate that supply chain digitalization diffusion is contingent on the ownership structure of focal firms,as SOEs exhibit distinct value objectives and strategic behaviors compared to private enterprises.By responding to scholarly calls for more empirical research on SOE-driven digital spillovers,this study offers fresh perspectives on supply chain digitalization and the unique role of SOEs in shaping digital ecosystems.Overall,it offers a systematic theoretical framework for understanding the dynamics of digital diffusion in supply chains and provides new insights into the strategic role of SOEs in this process.
作者
王峰
雷冬娣
陈漫
WANG Feng;LEI Dong-di;CHEN Man(School of Business Administration,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,410082,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Geoscience,Wuhan,Hubei,430078,China)
出处
《经济管理》
北大核心
2025年第9期103-127,共25页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“新发展格局下虚拟集群赋能制造企业转型升级的机制与对策研究”(23BGL020)
教育部人文社科基金青年项目“乡村振兴背景下农产品区域品牌赋能产业集群升级的机制与治理对策研究”(22YJC630008)
2024年度中国国有企业研究院国有企业理论研究开放基金自选课题“国有企业数字化转型的监管动因及对供应链的溢出效果研究”(GQKFJJ-ZX-202402)。
关键词
数字化多样性
数字化转型
供应商
客户
国有企业
digitalization diversity
digital transformation
suppliers
customers
state-owned enterprises
