摘要
在现代运动训练领域,追求卓越成绩与维护运动员身心健康之间始终存在着一道需要谨慎权衡的课题。实践中普遍存在的“盲训”“断训”“偏训”与“蛮训”现象(合称“四训”),是违背科学训练原则的典型表现,严重制约运动员竞技水平的可持续发展,并对其身体机能与运动寿命造成潜在威胁。本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和案例研究法,深入剖析了“四训”现象的内涵特征、形成机制及多维危害。研究发现,“四训”问题的根源在于训练理念落后、科学素养不足、管理体制缺陷和评价体系失衡等多重因素的交织影响。在此基础上,本文系统构建了以科学性、系统性、个体化和可控性为核心原则的防治体系,提出了“智训”“连训”“精训”和“稳训”四位一体的解决方案,并结合不同运动项目特点进行了实证分析。研究进一步从组织管理、技术创新和文化建设三个维度,提出了推动训练理念变革、优化训练组织实施的具体路径,为促进运动训练科学化转型、实现竞技体育可持续发展提供了理论参考和实践指导。
In the field of modern sports training,there has always been a critical issue that requires careful balancing between the pursuit of excellence and the maintenance of athletes'physical and mental health.The commonly observed phenomena of“blind training”,“interrupted training”,“biased training”and“overly aggressive training”(collectively referred to as the“Four Wrong Training Practices”)are typical manifestations of violations of scientific training principles.These practices severely restrict the sustainable development of athletes'competitive levels and pose potential threats to their physical functions and athletic longevity.Using methods such as literature review,logical analysis,and case studies,this paper delves into the characteristics,formation mechanisms,and multidimensional harms of the“Four Wrong Training Practices.”The study finds that the root causes of these issues lie in the intertwined influences of outdated training philosophies,insufficient scientific literacy,defects in management systems,and imbalances in evaluation mechanisms.Based on this,the paper systematically constructs a prevention framework centered on the core principles of scientificity,systematicity,individualization,and controllability.It proposes a four-in-one solution comprising“intelligent training”,“continuous training”,“precision training”and“stable training”,supported by empirical analysis tailored to the characteristics of different sports.Furthermore,the study proposes concrete pathways for driving changes in training philosophies and optimizing training organization and implementation from three dimensions:organizational management,technological innovation,and cultural development.This research provides theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the scientific transformation of sports training and achieving the sustainable development of competitive sports.
作者
雷富鲲
景尚松
王腾
LEI Fukun;JING Shangsong;WANG Teng(Engineering University,Urumqi 830049,China)
关键词
运动训练原则
四训现象
科学化训练
训练优化
运动员可持续发展
训练质量控制
sports training principles
four wrong training practices
scientific training
training optimization
sustainable development of athletes
training quality control
