摘要
边沁和罗尔斯分别是18—19世纪古典功利主义和20—21世纪政治自由主义的代表人物。边沁持有一种功利主义的社会合作理论,提倡最大幸福原则,强调个人利益与社会利益的一致性,忽视两者存在的可能冲突。作为新社会契约论的倡导者,罗尔斯提出一种自由主义的社会合作理论,看重个人利益与社会利益的不一致性,强调正义在社会合作中的作用。边沁与罗尔斯对社会的构想有着巨大的差别,罗尔斯批判边沁的最大幸福原则,提出理性道德人假设和公平正义原则,强调正义在社会合作中的作用,用差别原则来保障最不利群体的利益。然而,罗尔斯并没有完全否定边沁的主张,在一定程度上继承了边沁的社会合作思想。因此,明确边沁和罗尔斯社会合作理论的分歧所在,揭示两者的隐秘关联,有助于评估各自的学理价值,有利于评价其对解决当前社会基本问题的实践价值。
Jeremy Bentham and John Rawls are representative figures of 18th-19th centuries classical utilitarianism and 20th-21th centuries political liberalism,respectively.Bentham adheres to a utilitarian theory of social cooperation,advocating the“greatest happiness principle,”emphasizing the alignment of individual and societal interests,while neglecting potential conflicts between the two.As a proponent of neo-social contract theory,Rawls advances a liberal theory of social cooperation,acknowledging the inherent discrepancies between individual and collective interests and underscoring the pivotal role of justice in social collaboration.As leading thinkers of two distinct theoretical traditions,Bentham and Rawls exhibit profound divergences in their conceptions of society.Rawls critiques Bentham’s greatest happiness principle,proposing instead the postulation of rational moral persons and the principles of fair justice.He emphasizes the function of justice in social cooperation and employs the difference principle to safeguard the interests of the least advantaged.Nevertheless,Rawls does not entirely dismiss Bentham’s propositions;he inherits certain elements of Bentham’s thought to a significant extent.Consequently,clarifying the theoretical divergences between Bentham and Rawls while revealing their underlying connections contributes to evaluating their respective theoretical value and assessing their practical value in resolving fundamental societal issues today.
作者
杨雨莲
张国清
YANG Yulian;ZHANG Guoqing(Faculty of Law and Sociology,The Party School of CPC Hangzhou,Hangzhou 310024,China;School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第5期33-42,共10页
Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划“省市合作”项目“数字经济下新业态劳动者权益保障的困境及路径优化研究”(24SSHZ027YB)
国家社科基金重大项目“全人类共同价值和构建人类命运共同体重大理念研究”(23ZDA127)。
关键词
自利
功利
社会合作
差别原则
self-Interest
utility
social cooperation
difference principle
