摘要
针对塔里木盆地超深层走滑断裂带垂向生长演化过程不明、碳酸盐岩缝洞体储层垂向分布复杂的问题,通过柯坪地区野外露头分析、富满油田地震资料解释及构造物理模拟实验等方法对走滑断裂垂向演化过程进行研究。结果表明:(1)露头及超深层地震剖面解释表明,走滑断裂内部可形成断层核-破碎带-原岩3层结构,断层核在垂向空间内可以划分为缝洞体、断层泥及角砾岩带3种结构。受走滑断裂带结构及生长演化过程影响,缝洞体分布表现出明显的垂向分层性。(2)超深层地震剖面显示走滑断裂带发育多层缝洞体,可分为顶部破裂型、中部连接型、深部终止型及层内破裂型4种类型。(3)构造物理模拟实验及超深层地震资料解释揭示走滑断裂在垂向上经历了分层破裂—垂向生长—连接扩展3个演化阶段;应用粒子测速监测技术发现,断裂带演化的初始阶段首先在顶部或底部形成初始破裂,在断层生长阶段初始破裂逐渐演化成断裂空腔,随后在地层中部出现新的破裂,与深浅层断裂空腔连接形成完整的断层带。(4)超深层碳酸盐岩地层主要发育3类缝洞型油藏(花状破碎型、深大断裂型、错断叠接型),前两类缝洞体发育规模更大、油气成藏条件好、勘探潜力大。
In the ultra-deep strata of the Tarim Basin,the vertical growth process of strike-slip faults remains unclear,and the vertical distribution of fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs is complex.This paper investigates the vertical growth process of strike-slip faults through field outcrop observations in the Keping area,interpretation of seismic data from the Fuman oilfield,and structural physical simulation experiments.The result are obtained mainly in four aspects.First,field outcrops and ultra-deep seismic profiles indicate a three-layer structure within the strike-slip fault,consisting of fault core,fracture zone and primary rock.The fault core can be classified into three parts vertically:fracture-cavity unit,fault clay and breccia zone.The distribution of fracture-cavity units demonstrates a distinct pattern of vertical stratification,owing to the structural characteristics and growth process of the slip-strike fault.Second,the ultra-deep seismic profiles show multiple fracture-cavity units in the strike-slip fault zone.These units can be classified into four types:top fractured,middle connected,deep terminated,and intra-layer fractured.Third,structural physical simulation experiments and ultra-deep seismic data interpretation reveal that the strike-slip faults have evolved vertically in three stages:segmental rupture,vertical growth,and connection and extension.The particle image velocimetry detection demonstrates that the initial fracture of the fault zone occurred at the top or bottom and then evolved into cavities gradually along with the fault growth,accompanied by the emergence of new fractures in the middle part of the strata,which subsequently connected with the deep and shallow cavities to form a complete fault zone.Fourth,the ultra-deep carbonate strata primarily develop three types of fractured-cavity reservoirs:flower-shaped fracture,large and deep fault and staggered overlap.The first two types are larger in size with better reservoir conditions,suggesting a significant exploration potential.
作者
能源
谢舟
邵龙飞
阮畦畦
康鹏飞
张佳楠
田志文
刘根骥
NENG Yuan;XIE Zhou;SHAO Longfei;RUAN Qiqi;KANG Pengfei;ZHANG Jianan;TIAN Zhiwen;LIU Genji(College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China;School of Petroleum,China University of Petroleum(Beijing)at Karamay,Karamay 834000,China)
出处
《石油勘探与开发》
北大核心
2025年第5期1041-1053,共13页
Petroleum Exploration and Development
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42362026)
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2024B01015)。
关键词
走滑断裂
垂向生长
演化过程
构造物理模拟
奥陶系
碳酸盐岩缝洞体
超深层
塔里木盆地
富满油田
strike-slip fault
vertical growth
evolution process
structural physical simulation experiment
Ordovician fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir
ultra-deep
Tarim Basin
Fuman oilfield
