摘要
【目的】为明确2006-2023年福建省南平市(闽北核心区)落叶果树休眠期低温需冷量的年际、区域变化特征,为当地落叶果树品种引种、应对气候变化对产量与品质的影响提供气象参考。【方法】基于南平市10个县(市、区) 2006-2023年冬季逐小时气象数据,按地理分为北、中、南部区域,采用7.2℃模型与0~7.2℃模型计算低温需冷量,分析年际及逐五年冬季气温变化趋势。【结果】南平市冬季低温需冷量年际波动显著,2010年多为高值年、2019年多为低值年,区域呈“北高南低”梯度;北部均值最高(0~7.2℃标准下786 h、T≤7.2℃标准下889 h),南部最低(0~7.2℃标准下508 h、T≤7.2℃标准下534 h);逐五年变化中,2016-2020年需冷量触底,近年回升。同时,暖冬导致落叶果树萌芽推迟、坐果率下降、品质变差,冷冬则引发冻害、产量受损,且不同品种需冷量差异显著,部分品种因需冷量不匹配面临适应性挑战。【结论】低温需冷量是制约落叶果树生长的关键因素,未来需结合“北高南低”梯度及年际波动特征,优化果树品种布局与栽培措施,保障产业稳定。
【Objective】To clarify the interannual and regional variation characteristics of the winter chilling requirement during the dormancy period of deciduous fruit trees in Nanping city,Fujian province(the core area of northern Fujian)from 2006 to 2023,and to provide meteorological references for the introduction of deciduous fruit tree varieties in the local area and the response to the impact of climate change on yield and quality,so as to assist in the optimization of industrial layout and climate adaptive regulation.【Method】Based on the hourly meteorological data of winter from 2006 to 2023 in 10 counties(cities and districts)of Nanping city,the areas were divided into the northern,central and southern regions according to geography.The winter chilling requirement was calculated using the 7.2℃model and the 0-7.2℃model.The interannual and five-yearly winter temperatures variation trends were analyzed.【Result】The winter chilling requirement in Nanping city shows significant interannual fluctuations.The year 2010 was mostly a high-value year,while 2019 was mostly a low-value year.The region shows a gradient of"high in the north and low in the south".The average value in the north is the highest(786 hours under the 0-7.2℃standard and 889 hours under the T≤7.2℃standard),while the south has the lowest(508 hours under the 0-7.2℃standard and 534 hours under the T≤7.2℃standard).In the five-year changes,the winter chilling requirement hit the bottom from 2016 to 2020 and has been rising in recent years.Meanwhile,warm winters cause delayed bud break,reduced fruit setting rate and poor quality of fruit trees,while cold winters lead to frost damage and reduced yield.Moreover,the winter chilling requirement varies significantly among different varieties,and some varieties face adaptability challenges due to mismatched chilling requirements.【Conclusion】The winter chilling requirement of deciduous fruit trees is a key factor restricting their growth.In the future,it is necessary to optimize the variety layout and cultivation measures in combination with the"north high south low"gradient and interannual fluctuation characteristics to ensure the stability of the industrys and policy subsidies to comprehensively enhance the climate adaptability and sustainable development ability of the deciduous fruit tree industry.
作者
赖喆羽
杨福良
林佳楠
沈长华
Lai Zheyu;Yang Fuliang;Lin Jianan;Shen Changhua(Nanping Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Nanping Fujian 354200,China;Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province,Nanping Fujian 354200,China;Nanping Ecological and Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Fujian Province,Jianyang Fujian 354200,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather of Fujian Province,Fuzhou Fujian 350028,China;Nanping Grape Association,Nanping,Fujian 354200,China)
出处
《东南园艺》
2025年第3期297-305,共9页
Southeast Horticulture
基金
福建省科技厅民生科技专项项目(2024Y6003)。
关键词
南平市
落叶果树
冬季
低温需冷量
特征分析
Nanping city
deciduous fruit trees
winter
chilling requirement
characteristic analysis
