摘要
【目的】探明龙岩市新罗区百香果园土壤养分状况和果农施肥现状,以期为百香果合理施肥提供指导。【方法】2024年选取新罗区红坊、小池、大池和江山等4个百香果主要种植乡镇35个有代表性果园土壤样本,测定土壤常规五项、中微量元素钙、镁、硼、锌和水溶性盐总量等10个指标含量,并对设施内外土壤养分指标进行相关分析和丰缺诊断。【结果】新罗区百香果园pH<5.5的土样占比达48%~50%;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、镁、有效锌含量处于适宜、丰富水平的比例较高;设施栽培园的速效钾、交换性钙镁、有效硼锌及水溶性盐含量显著高于露地园;设施园90%土样有效磷超过80 mg/kg,80%土样水溶性盐超过1 g/kg,40%超过4 g/kg;露地园速效钾和有效硼缺乏比例分别高达28%和36%以上。【结论】新罗区百香果园土壤普遍偏酸性,土壤养分含量整体丰富,但其中设施园土样有效磷和水溶性盐含量较高,存在土壤污染和盐渍化风险问题,露地园速效钾和有效硼缺乏比例较高;因此建议土壤酸性改良和有机肥与无机肥配施,优化氮肥的最佳施用量,平衡施肥,尤其是设施内土壤应调低磷、钾、钙、镁和锌施用比例,预防土壤次生盐渍化。
【Objective】This study aims to investigate the soil nutrient status and current fertilization practices in passion fruit orchards in Xinluo District,Longyan City,to provide guidance for rational fertilization.【Method】In 2024,soil samples were collected from 35 representative orchardsacross four major passion fruit-growing townships(Hongfang,Xiaochi,Dachi,and Jiangshan)in Xinluo District.Ten soil indicators were measured,including the five conventional nutrients(pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium),secondary and micronutrients(exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available boron,available zinc),and total water-soluble salts.Correlation analysis and adequacy diagnosis of these nutrients were conducted,comparing between soils under facility and open-field conditions.【Result】The results showed that 48%to 50%of the soil samples from the orchards had a pH value below 5.5.A high proportion of samples exhibited suitable or rich levels of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,and available zinc.The contents of available potassium,exchangeable calcium and magnesium,available boron and zinc,and water-soluble salts were significantly higher in soils under protective cultivation compared to open-field orchards.In facility soils,90%of samples exceeded 80 mg/kg in available phosphorus,and 80%exceeded 1 g/kg in water-soluble salts,with 40%even surpassing 4 g/kg.Conversely,open-field orchards showed high deficiency rates for available potassium and available boron,reaching 28%and 36%,respectively.【Conclusion】Soils in the passion fruit orchards of Xinluo District are generally acidic but overall rich in nutrient content.However,facility soils exhibit notably high levels of available phosphorus and water-soluble salts,indicating potential risks such as soil pollution and salinization.Open-field orchards face relatively high deficiency rates of available potassium and boron.It is recommended to implement soil acidification amelioration,combine organic with inorganic fertilizers,optimize nitrogen application rates,and adopt balanced fertilization practices.Specifically,for facility soils,the application ratios of phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,and zinc should be reduced to prevent secondary salinization.
作者
杜虹
Du Hong(Soil and Fertilizer Technology Station of Xinluo District,Longyan,Fujian 364000,China)
出处
《东南园艺》
2025年第3期262-268,共7页
Southeast Horticulture
基金
福建省农业农村厅科学施肥增效项目(闽财农指[2024] 31号)。
关键词
百香果园
土壤养分
丰缺诊断
施肥建议
passion fruit orchards
soil nutrients
diagnosis of abundance and deficiency
fertilization recommendations
