摘要
文章通过对空气源热泵等电能驱动冷热源的减碳优势进行量化,建立电力-天然气碳排放因子平衡点,分析夏热冬冷地区空气源热泵系统适应低碳路径的优化方向。以夏热冬冷地区5栋办公建筑作为计算实例,分析选用不同能效等级的空气源热泵和磁悬浮冷水机组对电力-天然气碳排放因子平衡点的影响,得出结论:选用一级能效空气源热泵作为冷热源,相比于变频一级能效冷水机组和热效率92%的天然气锅炉的系统,减碳优势明显,选用二级能效空气源热泵作为冷热源,相比于变频一级能效冷水机组和热效率92%的天然气锅炉的系统,没有减碳优势,但当电网电力排放因子持续降低时,二级能效空气源热泵的减碳优势逐渐体现;当累计冷负荷与累计热负荷的比值超过某一临界值时,采用磁悬浮冷水机组与天然气锅炉的减碳优势超过一级能效空气源热泵,当地电网电力排放因子降低至平衡点以下时,一级能效空气源热泵将体现出减碳优势。电力-天然气碳排放因子平衡点作为评价建筑碳排放量的一个相对指标,可体现空气源热泵等电能驱动冷热源相比燃料驱动冷热源的减碳优势,并反映了未来空气源热泵等电气化系统减碳的必然性。空气源热泵通过提升能效等级、采用变频、磁悬浮等技术,可有效降低运行阶段碳排放量。
In this paper,the carbon reduction effect of cold and heat sources driven by electric energy such as air source heat pump is quantified,the balance point based on carbon emission factor between electricity and natural gas is established,and the optimization direction of air source heat pump system adapting to low carbon path in hot summer and cold winter is analyzed.Taking five actual office buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone as calculation examples,analyze the impact on the balance point of selecting air source heat pumps of different energy efficiency grades and the impact of selecting magnetic suspension water chiller.Choose air source heat pump of the first energy efficiency grade as the cold and heat source,compared with the system of variable frequency chillers of the first energy efficiency grade and natural gas boiler with thermal efficiency of 92%,carbon reduction is obvious.Choose air source heat pump of the secondary energy efficiency grade as the cold and heat source,compared with the system of variable frequency chillers of the first energy efficiency grade and natural gas boiler with thermal efficiency of 92%,carbon reduction is not obvious,but when the carbon emission factor of electricity continues to decrease,The carbon reduction of the secondary energy efficiency grade are gradually reflected.When the ratio of accumulated cooling load to accumulated heat load exceeds a certain critical value,The carbon reduction of magnetic suspension water chillers and natural gas boiler exceeds air source heat pump of the first energy efficiency grade,when carbon emission factor of electricity is reduced to below the equilibrium point,air source heat pump of the first energy efficiency grade will reflect the advantages of carbon reduction.The balance point based on carbon emission factor between electricity and natural gas,as a relative index of evaluating building carbon emission,can reflect the carbon reduction effect of electric energy driven cold and heat source such as air source heat pump compared with fuel driven cold and heat source,and reflect the inevita-bility of carbon reduction of electrified system such as air source heat pump in the future.Air source heat pump can effectively reduce the carbon emissions in the operation stage by improving the energy efficiency grade,using variable frequency,magnetic suspension and other technologies.
作者
张洁
沈列丞
Zhang Jie;Shen Liecheng(East China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.)
出处
《制冷与空调》
2025年第9期93-98,共6页
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
关键词
碳排放因子
平衡点
空气源热泵
夏热冬冷地区
carbon emission factor
balance point
air source heat pump system
hot summer and cold winter zone
