摘要
【目的】在高速重载工况下,齿轮微观接触变形对装配误差和齿轮传动误差(Transmission Error,TE)的影响显著,而且齿面摩擦生热和介质对流换热产生的结构热变形也显著影响着传动误差,这些情况可能导致传统齿轮动态传动误差预测方法所得的结果不准确。【方法】首先,采用共轭梯度法生成齿面微观形貌,建立了考虑粗糙齿面的精确有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学对齿轮的动态接触过程进行仿真,获得了齿面接触压力分布;其次,利用齿面接触区域离散化的思想,计算了离散子区域的摩擦热流量和不同表面的对流换热系数,实现了齿轮啮合过程中稳态温度场的精确模拟;再次,对齿轮的啮合过程进行热力耦合仿真,对比了光滑和粗糙齿面齿轮在节点啮合位置的接触压力分布,计算了考虑齿面微观接触变形和齿轮热变形的动态传动误差;最后,系统研究了不同粗糙度、材料弹性模量、转速、负载、润滑油温度对齿轮动态传动误差的影响规律。【结果】研究表明,齿面粗糙度从0变化到3.2μm引起的动态传动误差峰值波动为0.013°,润滑油温度从50℃变化到110℃导致的动态传动误差峰值波动为-0.0119°,齿面微观接触变形和热变形显著影响了齿轮动态传动误差的预测结果。在特定工况下,齿面粗糙度、负载的增大会使动态传动误差曲线整体上移;润滑油温度、材料弹性模量、转速的增大会使动态传动误差整体下移。
[Objective]Under high-speed and heavy-load conditions,the microscopic contact deformation of gears significantly influences assembly errors and gear transmission errors.Additionally,thermomechanical deformation resulting from frictional heat generation on gear surfaces and convective heat transfer with the medium also significantly impacts transmission errors.These phenomena may render the results of traditional methods for predicting gear dynamic transmission errors inaccurate.[Methods]Firstly,the conjugate gradient method was employed to generate microtopographies of gear surfaces,establishing an accurate finite element model that accounts for rough surfaces.Transient dynamics simulations were conducted to simulate the dynamic contact processes of gears,yielding distributions of contact pressure on gear surfaces.Secondly,by discretizing the contact area of gear surfaces,the frictional heat flux for discrete sub-regions and the convective heat transfer coefficients for different surfaces were calculated.This approach enabled precise simulation of the steady-state temperature field during gear engagement.Thirdly,thermomechanical coupling simulations were performed to study the meshing process of gears.Comparisons were made of contact pressure distributions at the pitch point between gears with smooth and rough surfaces.Dynamic transmission errors were calculated,taking into account microscopic contact deformation of gear surfaces and thermal deformation of gears.Lastly,a systematic study was conducted on the effects of varying surface roughness,materialselasticity modulus,rotational speed,load,and lubricant temperature on gear dynamic transmission errors.[Results]The research findings show that the peak fluctuation of dynamic transmission errors,caused by a change in surface roughness from 0 to 3.2μm,amounts to 0.013°.The peak fluctuation in dynamic transmission errors,resulting from a change in lubricant temperature from 50°C to 110°C,is-0.0119°.Microscopic contact deformation and thermal deformation of gear surfaces significantly affect the prediction of gear dynamic transmission errors.Under specific operating conditions,an increase in surface roughness and load shifts the dynamic transmission error curve upward,whereas an increase in lubricant temperature,materials’elasticity modulus,and rotational speed shifts the curve downward.
作者
王有成
刘检华
巩浩
王骁
WANG Youcheng;LIU Jianhua;GONG Hao;WANG Xiao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Tangshan Research Institute,Beijing Institute of Technology,Tangshan 063015,China)
出处
《机械传动》
北大核心
2025年第10期10-21,共12页
Journal of Mechanical Transmission
基金
国防基础科研计划(JCKY2022203C024)。
关键词
齿轮传动
动态传动误差
微观形貌
热变形
Gear transmission
Dynamic transmission error
Micro-morphology
Thermal deformation 21
