摘要
以中村林场丹沟生物多样性经营试点区为对象,围绕森林经营、生计活动与气候变化等因素,系统分析了影响区域生物多样性的主要威胁。调查发现,在森林经营方面,存在经营断代、抚育滞后及方式不合理等问题;社会生产生活层面,深山区人类活动频繁引发环境污染、盗猎盗采和掠夺性利用山货等不当行为;自然气候因素则表现为气候变暖、水文条件恶化、栖息地破碎化以及极端天气事件增多。为应对上述挑战,中村林场以近自然森林经营理念为指导,在试点区开展了多项生物多样性保护与提升措施,包括目标树单株经营、多功能林缘防护带培育、永久性集材线建设等,以推动林分正向演替,兼顾生态功能与木材生产。同时,从食源、水源与庇护地角度改善野生生物栖息地质量,并通过建立社区共管机制和健全营林监管体系提升管理效能。研究还深入探讨了试点推进过程中面临的政策瓶颈、社区管理复杂性及专业施工力量不足等问题。相关经验为在多元利益主体共存背景下,森林经营单位探索生物多样性保护与经营目标协同发展提供了实践参考。
This study focuses on the Dangou Biodiversity Management Pilot Area of Nakamura Forest Fram,systematically analyzing the primary threats to local biodiversity from the perspectives of forest management,socio-economic activities,and natural climate change.In terms of forest management,key issues include discontinuous management,delayed tending operations,and inappropriate silvicultural practices.Socio-economic factors involve intensified human activities in mountainous areas,leading to increased pollution,illegal poaching and harvesting,and unsustainable exploitation of non-timber forest products.Natural climate-related threats are manifested in global warming,hydrological deterioration,habitat fragmentation,and more frequent extreme weather events.In response,Nakamura Forest Fram has adopted a close-to-nature forest management approach and implemented a series of biodiversity conservation and enhancement measures at scale within the pilot area.These include single-tree management of target species,development of multifunctional forest edge buffer zones,and construction of permanent logging trails,which collectively promotes positive forest succession while balancing timber production and ecological functions.Habitat quality for wildlife has been improved through measures such as addressing food sources,water availability,and shelter.Additionally,a community-based co-management mechanism and an enhanced forest operation supervision system have been established.The study further explores the challenges encountered in the implementation process,such as policy barriers,difficulties in community governance,and limited availability of professional technical teams.The findings offer valuable practical insights for forest management units seeking to balance biodiversity conservation with other operational goals in contexts involving multiple stakeholders.
作者
赵文雁
陈晓东
Zhao Wenyan;Chen Xiaodong(hanxi Zhongtiao Mountain State Forest Administration,Houma 043099,Shanxi,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2025年第17期77-85,共9页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
华北地区支持森林经营提升生物多样性示范项目(编号:A000753)。
关键词
生物多样性
可持续森林经营
目标树
营林理念更新
营林方式改进
biodiversity
sustainable forest management
target trees
silvicultural concept renewal
enhanced silvicultural practices
