摘要
日本所建立的糙米流通、储藏及检验机制,在世界范围内属极为稀有之文化形态。日本的糙米流通可追溯至701年,糙米储存始于1630年代,而检验制度则于1951年建立。然而,这一切的起源,皆源于日本对自中国传入之技术、政治与文化的本土化改造。本文通过比较日本所学的中国与日本在稻米相关领域的发展历程,探讨日本糙米流通得以确立的原因。中国因“仓廪制度”强调粮食储备,稻谷耐储存的特性更符合需求。尽管“租庸调”曾短暂推行糙米流通,但储备体系的优先级最终导向稻谷。日本则因税制路径、货币滞后与储备缺位,形成了“流通优先—糙米依赖—制度固化”的闭环,使其成为全球唯一以糙米为流通主体的国家。
The mechanisms for circulation,storage,and inspection of brown rice established in Japan represent a highly unique cultural phenomenon in a global context.The circulation of brown rive in Japan dates back to 701 AD,its storage began in the 1630s,and its inspection system was established in 1951.However,the origin of all these developments lie in Japan’s adaptation of technologies,political institutions,and cultural practices learned from China.This paper examines the factors that led to the establishment of brown rice circulation in Japan through a comparative analysis of the evolutionary paths related to rice in both China and Japan.China emphasizes grain reserves due to the“granary system”,and the storage-friendly nature of rice makes it more suitable for this purpose.Although the“zuyongling system”briefly promoted the circulation of brown rice,the reserve system ultimately prioritized rice grain storage.In contrast,Japan’s tax specific tax polices,underdeveloped monetary economy,and lack of a centralized storage system led to a closed loop of“circulation priority-brown rice dependence-institutionalization”,making it the only country in the world where brown rice dominates circulation.
作者
江盛贵之
Takayuki EMORI(Satake Corporation,Hiroshima 739-8062,Japan)
出处
《粮油食品科技》
北大核心
2025年第5期79-98,共20页
Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods
关键词
日本糙米流通
储备
大宝律令
租庸调
brown rice distribution in Japan
reserves
Taihō
Soyōchō
