摘要
我国乡村建设体系建立在土地集体所有制和农耕文化基础上,由于缺乏完善的标准体系,导致乡村建设无据可依;由于缺乏专业设计与专业施工,导致乡村建筑建设成本虽低但质量参差不齐,更无法继承传统绿色经验;由于建设环节缺乏明确的责任分担主体,导致担责者偏差。西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑研究中心作为研究单位,在“乡村新地域建筑模式”创作方面进行了多地尝试,并开展示范性工程设计与建设。试验与示范模式虽有探索与成效,却无法从根本上实现乡村绿色建筑的规模化发展。因此,应该建立相对完善的乡村建设与治理体系,形成权责清晰的乡村建设管理与实施制度,借建筑工业化时代契机,构建有中国特色的乡村建设新体系。
This paper systematically explores the development paths and practical experience of green buildings in rural China,focusing on the existing problems of current rural buildings,the necessity of green transformation,and feasible implementation strategies.The study points out that due to the lack of a dedicated design standard system tailored to different natural environments,administrative divisions,and building types,rural construction has long been in a state of having no basis to follow or blindly applying urban standards.At present,there are various design and construction methods for rural buildings in China,including entrusting small and medium-sized design institutes,construction teams undertaking contracted projects,and villagers constructing by imitating others independently.The vast majority of rural projects lack professional technical support and rely on non-professional construction forces.The aforementioned phenomena have led to problems such as uneven building quality,low structural safety,severe energy waste,and loss of regional cultural characteristics.Meanwhile,the imperfect rural governance system,ambiguous main entities responsible for construction,and lack of supervision mechanisms further restrict the overall improvement of rural building quality.Compared with cities,the rural construction system is far from forming a complete and closed-loop institutional framework,making it difficult to meet the requirements of green and sustainable development.Faced with the reality of continuous growth in rural building energy consumption and worsening environmental pollution,promoting green buildings has become an important national policy orientation.Based on the current situation,this paper puts forward three feasible paths for the development of rural green buildings:First,research,develop and promote new green building models that conform to regional characteristics,inherit and carry forward the ecological wisdom of traditional dwellings,which"adapt to the climate and use local materials",and gradually expand their application through demonstration projects;Second,construct a rural construction system that connects with the urban construction system,covering policies,regulations,standards,funds,and supervision and evaluation mechanisms;Third,establish a multi-level management and implementation system with clear powers and responsibilities,for example,setting up full-time rural construction management agencies,promoting the operation of professional housing construction companies,and actively adopting new construction methods such as prefabricated buildings,to improve project quality and efficiency.The Green Building Research Center team of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology has carried out practical explorations in multiple typical regions across China.Taking the new cave dwelling project in northern Shaanxi as an example,the team optimized the spatial layout of cave dwellings,added sunspaces,and adopted heat-storage walls.While preserving the traditional cave dwelling feature of"being warm in winter and cool in summer",these measures have significantly improved lighting,ventilation,and thermal insulation performance,with the measured energy-saving rate reaching 70%~90%.In the post-earthquake reconstruction in western Sichuan,by applying appropriate technologies such as steel-wood structures,deep overhanging eaves,and ventilation shafts,the new residential buildings have achieved a marked improvement in indoor thermal comfort without relying on air conditioning or heating,and energy consumption has been reduced by more than 70%.Although local demonstration projects have achieved positive results,fundamentally realizing the largescale development of green buildings in rural areas still requires advancing systematic and institutional reforms.It is essential to promptly establish and improve a construction and governance system tailored to rural characteristics,clarify the responsibilities of all parties,and introduce advanced construction technologies and management models,thereby forging a new path for rural green construction with Chinese characteristics.
作者
刘加平
成辉
Liu Jiaping;Cheng Hui
出处
《当代建筑》
2025年第5期25-30,共6页
Contemporary Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目“广义建筑热工设计原理与方法研究”(52338004)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“空间作为绿色工具——高原民居太阳能时空调控空间新模式”(52278043)。
关键词
乡村建设
绿色建筑
发展路径
rural construction
green building
development path
