摘要
西部欠发达地区覆盖我国近半疆域,拥有相近的经济发展水平及多样的风俗文化和自然生态,表现为厚文化、严气候、弱经济。在充分承接科技进步力量的同时,坚守“承传统、融自然、低建造”的在地化营建理念应是西部建筑发展的战略性选择,也是助力实现国家“双碳”目标与弘扬建筑文化自信的重要途径。鉴于此,笔者与团队创立了“思想—方法—技术”一体化的“平实建造”理论体系:“承传统”基础上提出平实营建思想,“融自然”目标下创新适洽设计方法,“低建造”前提下研发原位适宜技术,并以内蒙古地区为样本,通过40年扎根地方的典型建筑设计与营建示范,为西部地域建筑的高品质可持续发展提供思想指引和实践路径。
The underdeveloped western regions of China span nearly half of the nation's territory,and characterized by relatively low levels of economic development,diverse ethnic cultures,and challenging natural environments.These areas are commonly defined by a triad of attributes:deep cultural roots,harsh climatic conditions,and weak economic foundations.While it is essential to embrace technological advancements,a strategic architectural response in such regions must be grounded in a localized construction philosophy that emphasizes the reference of tradition,infegrating with nature,and low-tech construction.This approach not only aligns with the national strategy of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,but also serves as a meaningful pathway to reinvigorate architectural cultural confidence.To this end,the authors have developed an integrated theoretical system termed"Genuine Constructing",which synthesizes"ideology–methodology–technology"into a holistic framework for architecture in Western China.This framework includes the proposition of a genuine construction ideology rooted in traditional wisdom,the development of appropriate design methods responsive to local environmental systems,and the innovation of in-situ low-tech construction technologies suited to regional living conditions.Together,these three dimensions constitute a comprehensive theoretical and practical foundation for sustainable architectural development in underdeveloped western territories.The first dimension is"Genuine Constructing"and reference of tradition.This dimension proposes a regional architectural ideology grounded in the cultural and environmental context of Western China.Specifically,the research has established the most comprehensive technical genealogy to date of traditional Mongolian construction practices,revealing the mechanisms through which vernacular architecture has evolved under the influence of local humanistic and environmental factors.By constructing a methodology for the modern translation of traditional construction wisdom,it contributes simultaneously to the global discourse on the conservation of architectural heritage and to the innovation of contemporary design philosophies.The practice provides a feasible pathway for sustaining traditional construction modes in underdeveloped regions,balancing cultural continuity and architectural modernization.The second dimension is appropriate design integrating with nature.This dimension introduces innovative environmental design strategies that respond to the unique conditions of Western China's diverse terrains.It includes spatial design methods based on the principle of guiding,feedback interaction,morphological strategies grounded in approximation,mutual shaping,and interface design approaches utilizing linkage synergy.These design strategies mark a departure from the conventional model of resisting extreme natural environments through standardized building systems.Instead,they establish a new paradigm of reducing material and energy consumption at the source while restoring an authentic human and nature relationship within the built environment.The third dimension is in-situ techniques and low-tech construction.It focuses on the development of adaptive construction technologies for the grassland regions of Inner Mongolia.These include modular light-timber structural systems for plain zones,hybrid rammed earth and lightweight formwork systems for arid areas,and exposed dry-assembled stone masonry systems for mountainous terrains.These technologies redefine dwelling systems across various subregions and address pressing challenges.In summary,the author takes Inner Mongolia as a representative case study and draws on four decades of site-rooted architectural practice and demonstration projects.The author proposes both theoretical guidance and practical strategies for high-quality and sustainable development in Western China.Through the lens of"Genuine Constructing",the research offers an alternative architectural paradigm that reconciles tradition and innovation,local materiality and environmental harmony,and low-cost construction with regional specificity.
出处
《当代建筑》
2025年第5期5-20,共16页
Contemporary Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目“内蒙古草原牧区人居环境及其建筑的营建理论与设计方法”(U24A20160)。
关键词
“平实建造”
西部地域建筑
承传统
融自然
低建造
"Genuine Constructing"
regional architecture in Western China
reference of tradition
integrating nature
low-tech construction
