摘要
为明确不同微生物菌肥增施方式对盐碱地大豆幼苗生长发育及产量的影响,促进微生物菌肥在盐碱地大豆高效栽培中的实际应用,选用吉育86作为大豆供试品种,于2023-2024年设置6个处理,分别为常规施肥(CK),常规施肥基础上菌肥拌种(B)、菌肥用作底肥(D)、菌肥用作叶面肥(Y)、菌肥拌种+叶面肥(B+Y)和菌肥用作底肥+叶面肥(D+Y)。于大豆苗期(V4)测定植株农艺性状指标、光合特性指标、抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量,成熟期测定产量及产量构成因素。结果表明:与CK相比,增施微生物菌肥的大豆幼苗株高、根长、根瘤数和单株叶面积均增加;微生物菌肥能显著提高大豆幼苗叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和叶绿素含量(SPAD值),降低叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C i),不同程度提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量;增施微生物菌肥能明显提高大豆产量及单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重,其中,微生物菌肥D+Y处理综合效果最佳,B+Y处理次之,2个处理各指标与CK相比均差异显著或极显著,产量分别增加26.49%和22.82%。综上,增施微生物菌肥能够不同程度缓解盐碱胁迫对大豆幼苗生长的抑制,从而提高产量,微生物菌肥D+Y处理对盐碱地大豆幼苗生长及产量提高促进作用最大,其次为B+Y处理。研究表明,在盐碱地大豆生产中增施微生物菌肥能缓解盐碱胁迫,采用合理的施用方式效果更佳。研究结果可为盐碱地大豆微生物菌肥的合理施用提供参考。
To clarify the effects of different microbial fertilizers application methods on the growth,development and yield of soybean seedlings in saline-alkaline soil and promote the practical application of microbial fertilizers in efficient soybean cultivation on saline-alkaline land,Jiyu 86 was selected as the soybean test variety.In 2023 and 2024,6 treatments were set up,including conventional fertilization(CK),seed treatment with microbial fertilizer(B),microbial fertilizer applied as a basal fertilizer(D),microbial fertilizer applied as a foliar spray(Y),microbial fertilizer applied as seed treatment+foliar spray(B+Y),and microbial fertilizer applied as basal fertilizer+foliar spray(D+Y).The agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content of soybean seedlings at the V4 stage were measured,and yield and yield components were assessed at maturity to study the effects of microbial fertilizers on soybean.The results indicated that the application of microbial fertilizers significantly increased soybean seedling height,root length,number of nodules and leaf area per plant compared to the CK.Microbial fertilizers also significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of soybean leaves,while reducing the intercellular CO_(2) concentrations(C_(i)).The application of microbial fertilizers enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),and significantly reduced the content of MDA.Additionally,microbial fertilizers contributed to an increase in soybean yield,effective pod number per plant,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant,and 100-seed weight,with significant effects.Among the treatments,the D+Y treatment showed the best overall effect,followed by the B+Y treatment.Both treatments differed significantly or highly significantly compared to CK,with yield increases of 26.49%and 22.82%respectively.In conclusion,the application of microbial fertilizers can alleviate the inhibitory effects of saline-alkaline stress on soybean seedling growth to varying degrees,thereby improving yield.The D+Y treatment has the most significant promoting effect on seedling growth and yield,followed by the B+Y treatment.The research shows that the application of microbial fertilizer in soybean production in saline-alkaline soil can alleviate the saline-alkaline stress,and a better effect can be achieved with rational application.The results can provide a reference for the rational application of microbial fertilizer in soybean planting in saline-alkaline soil.
作者
滕迁莹
崔明元
姜海英
吴楠
刘玉兰
TENG Qianying;CUI Mingyuan;JIANG Haiying;WU Nan;LIU Yulan(Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tonghua 135007,Jilin,China;Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin 132101,Jilin,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
北大核心
2025年第5期67-76,共10页
Soybean Science
基金
吉林省科学技术厅项目(20230202014NC)。
关键词
微生物菌肥
施肥方式
大豆
盐碱地
生长发育
产量
microbial fertilizer
fertilizers application methods
soybeans
saline-alkaline soil
growth and development
yield
