摘要
【意义】重建青藏高原地区海洋消亡的时限和过程对于理解高原地貌隆升、气候—环境演变及生物多样性演化具有重要意义。【进展】本文系统汇编了青藏高原中生代以来最年轻海相地层及其年代学资料,根据盆地形成机制,将最年轻海相盆地划分为两类:一类为大洋消失后残留的大陆边缘海盆,称为残留海,其沉积记录分布于缝合带及两侧陆缘;另一类为海侵淹没早先陆地而新形成的浅海,称为陆表海,其沉积记录位于陆块之上。青藏高原地区3个残留海由北向南依次消亡,其中金沙江残留海消亡于三叠纪末期,班公—怒江残留海消亡于侏罗纪末期—早白垩世,雅鲁藏布残留海消亡于中始新世,分别受控于青藏高原主要地体羌塘的拼贴、拉萨—羌塘碰撞、印度—亚洲碰撞事件。青藏高原6个陆表海的形成和消亡主要反映全球海平面变化,其中北羌塘陆表海、甘孜陆表海存在于中—晚侏罗世,北拉萨陆表海存在于早白垩世,阿克赛钦陆表海存在于晚白垩世,塔里木陆表海存在于晚白垩世—始新世,低喜马拉雅陆表海存在于中始新世。这些陆表海发育的时期是全球海平面高位期,而陆表海的消亡时期对应于全球海平面低位时期。【结论与展望】构造作用和全球海平面变化共同控制了青藏高原地区的海陆变迁,进而影响了该地区的气候—环境变化。
[Significance]The timing and processes of ocean disappearance in the Tibetan Plateau region are of great significance for understanding plateau uplift,climate-environmental evolution,and biodiversity development.[Progress]Through systematically compiling stratigraphic and geochronological data of the youngest marine sequences since the Mesozoic in the Tibetan Plateau,the marine basins fall into two categories based on their basin-forming mechanisms.The remnant sea is a continental-marginal basin that persists after the ocean-crust disappears;its sediments are preserved within suture zones and on adjacent continental margins.The epicontinental seaway formed by marine incursions onto pre-existing land,leaving their deposited sediments overlying continental interiors.Three remnant seas on the Tibetan Plateau vanished in north-to-south order:the Jinsha remnant sea at the end of the Triassic;the Bangong-Nujiang remnant sea in the latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous;and the Yarlung Zangbo remnant sea in middle Eocene time.Their vanish disappearance closely corresponded to the collision of Qiangtang terrane with Asia,the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and the India-Asia collision,respectively.Six epicontinental seaways in the Tibetan Plateau formed and retreated in agreement with global sea-level changes:the Northern Qiangtang and Ganzi seaways in the Middle-Late Jurassic;the Northern Lhasa seaway in the Early Cretaceous;the Aksai Chin seaway in the Late Cretaceous,the Tarim seaways in the Late Cretaceous-Eocene,and Lesser Himalaya in the middle Eocene.These seaway intervals correspond to global sea-level highstands,and the demise of both the Lesser Himalaya and Tarim seaways aligns with sustained global sea-level fall.[Conclusions and Prospects]We concluded that marinecontinental transitions in the Tibetan Plateau were jointly governed by tectonics and global sea-level fluctuations,with important implications for understanding the regional climate and environmental evolution.
作者
胡修棉
马安林
王建刚
蒋璟鑫
张世杰
许艺炜
赖文
邓涛
薛伟伟
安慰
王成善
HU XiuMian;MA AnLin;WANG JianGang;JIANG JingXin;ZHANG ShiJie;XU YiWei;LAI Wen;DENG Tao;XUE WeiWei;AN Wei;WANG ChengShan(State Key Laboratory of Critical Earth Material Cycling and Mineral Deposits,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Tourism,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan 453007,China;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Geography and Environmental Engineering,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China;State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《沉积学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期1569-1591,共23页
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica
基金
国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1001105)
国家自然科学基金项目(41525007)。
关键词
青藏高原
残留海
陆表海
高原隆升
古地理
古气候
Tibetan Plateau
remnant sea
epicontinental seaway
plateau uplift
paleogeography
paleoclimate
