摘要
针对民勤蜜瓜种植地区土壤有机质匮乏,且长期连作导致土传病害频发,瓜果品质不稳定等突出问题,本试验选用效果显著、经济环保的蚯蚓粪和微生物菌剂作为土壤改良材料,探讨蚯蚓粪和微生物菌剂协同作用对民勤蜜瓜生长和土壤酶活性与微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:蚯蚓粪和微生物菌剂配施显著增加蜜瓜产量、维生素C、糖度,降低蜜瓜硬度,其中3倍蚯蚓粪用量配施根际促生菌产量最高,较0.5倍蚯蚓粪用量配施根际促生菌增加16.9%。不同配施处理显著提高土壤α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和多酚氧化酶活性,随着蚯蚓粪用量的增加呈增加的趋势,过氧化物酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈现降低的趋势。在门水平上,施用蚯蚓粪和微生物菌剂增加芽单胞菌门和放线菌门等有益菌的相对丰度,降低拟杆菌门等有害菌门的相对丰度;从Chao1指数和Observed features指数来看,20~40 cm土层2倍蚯蚓粪和EM微生物菌剂处理中的OTU数目最多,从Shannon指数和Simpson指数来看,20~40 cm土层0.5倍蚯蚓粪用量配施EM微生物菌剂处理中的OTU数目最多且均匀性最好,配施微生物菌剂处理优化了土壤细菌群落结构,使细菌共生网络变得简单而稳定;利用隶属函数综合评价得出3倍蚯蚓粪用量配施根际促生菌处理效果较好,可推荐作为民勤地区蜜瓜种植地土壤改良培肥方案。
To address the critical issues such as soil organic matter deficiency,frequent soil-borne dis-eases caused by long-term monocropping,and inconsistent fruit quality in the Minqin Cucumis melo cultivation area,this study employed vermicompost and microbial agents as effective,economical,and environmentally friendly soil amendments.The study investigated the synergistic effects of ver-micompost and microbial agents on Cucumis melo growth,soil enzyme activity,and microbial diversi-ty.The results showed that the combined application of vermicompost and microbial agents signifi-cantly increased Cucumis melo yield,vitamin C content,and sugar content,while reducing fruit hard-ness.The highest yield was observed with the treatment of triple-dose vermicompost combined with rhizosphere-promoting bacteria(RPB),which increased yield by 16.9%compared to the treatment with half-dose vermicompost and RPB.The activities ofα-1,4-glucosidase and polyphenol oxidase in-creased with higher vermicompost dosages,while the activities of peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase decreased at the phylum level,the application of vermicompost and microbial agents increased the rel-ative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria,while reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes.Based on the Chao1 index and Observed features index,the treatment with double dose of earthworm cast and EM microbial agent in the 20-40 cm soil layer exhibited the highest number of OTUs;while according to the Shannon index and Simpson index.The treatment with double-dose ver-micompost and EM microbial agent had the highest number of OTUs at the 20-40 cm depth of soil.Microbial agent applications shifted the soil bacterial community structure and stabilized the bacterial symbiotic networks.Overall,the triple-dose vermicompost combined with RPB is recommended as the optimal soil amendment strategy for Cucumis melo cultivation in Minqin region.
作者
马凤捷
杨春胤
王振龙
张靖
施志国
MA Fengjie;YANG Chunyin;WANG Zhenlong;ZHANG Jing;SHI Zhiguo(Gansu Academy of Agri-engineering Technology,Lanzhou 730030,China;Wuwei Farmland Soil Improvement and Cultivated Land Conservation Technology Innovation Center,Wuwei Gansu 733006,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期1822-1833,共12页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
甘肃省青年科技基金计划(22JR5RA791,22JR11RA280)
甘肃省软科学基金(23JRZH346)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(23ZYQH0298)。
关键词
蚯蚓粪
微生物菌剂
酶活性
细菌群落结构
蜜瓜品质
Earthworm manure
Microbial agents
Enzyme activity
Bacterial community structure
Cucumis melo quality
