摘要
为探究间作带型和覆盖方式对作物耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响,在河西绿洲灌区开展大田试验,采用裂区试验设计,主区为间作带型:玉米间作豌豆3∶4(MP1:3行玉米、4行豌豆)和4∶4(MP2:4行玉米、4行豌豆);副区为覆盖方式:豌豆秸秆移除(SR)、豌豆秸秆刈割覆盖(SMC)和豌豆秸秆粉碎覆盖(SCC),共6个处理。结果表明,豌豆收获后,各处理豌豆带棵间蒸发量较玉米带平均增高48.86%,即豌豆带是禾豆间作系统棵间蒸发的主要来源;秸秆粉碎覆盖显著抑制间作农田土壤蒸发,其中SCC较SMC和SR豌豆收获后豌豆带棵间蒸发量分别降低2.20%~4.08%、10.38%~12.37%,间作系统棵间蒸发总量分别降低2.69%~4.13%、11.88%~13.61%。4∶4间作带型较3∶4型显著降低作物生育期耗水量1.45%~2.83%,其中4∶4型下SCC较SMC和SR分别显著降低1.26%和4.00%。4∶4间作带型下秸秆覆盖可降低E/ET,其中SMC和SCC相比SR分别降低6.80%和8.22%。4∶4间作带型较3∶4型可提高间作系统产量3.53%~6.85%及水分利用效率5.78%~9.93%,且在4∶4型下SMC、SCC较SR分别增产19.80%和23.14%的同时,水分利用效率分别提高23.25%和28.33%。4∶4间作带型(MP2)结合豌豆秸秆粉碎覆盖(SCC)减少了水分耗散,产量和水分利用效率得到提升,该复合系统可作为干旱绿洲灌区提高资源高效利用的间作种植模式之一。
To explore the effects of intercropping belt types and mulching methods on crop water con-sumption characteristics,grain yield,and water use efficiency,a field experiment was conducted in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation District.A split-plot design was adopted,with the main plots being intercrop-ping belt types:maize intercropped with peas in a 3∶4 ratio(MP1:3 rows of maize and 4 rows of peas)and a 4∶4 ratio(MP2:4 rows of maize and 4 rows of peas),and the subplots being mulching methods:pea straw removal(SR),pea straw cutting and mulching(SMC),and pea straw crushing and mulching(SCC),resulting in six treatments.The results showed that after pea harvest,the inter-row evaporation in the pea belts of all treatments was on average 48.86%higher than that in the maize belts,indicating that the pea belts were the main source of inter-row evaporation in the maizepea intercropping system.Straw crushing and mulching significantly reduced soil evaporation in both intercropping belt types.Compared with SMC and SR,SCC reduced inter-row evaporation in the pea belts by 2.20%-4.08%and 10.38%-12.37%,respectively,and reduced total inter-row evapo-ration in the intercropping system by 2.69%-4.13%and 11.88%-13.61%,respectively.The 4∶4 inter-cropping belt type significantly reduced water consumption during the crop growth period by 1.45%-2.83%compared with the 3∶4 type.Under the 4∶4 type,SCC significantly reduced water consump-tion by 1.26%and 4.00%compared with SMC and SR,respectively.Under the 4∶4 intercropping belt type,straw mulching could reduce E/ET,with SMC and SCC reducing it by 6.80%and 8.22%,respectively,compared with SR.The 4∶4 inter-cropping belt type increased the intercropping sys-tem yield by 3.53%-6.85%and water use efficiency by 5.78%-9.93%compared with the 3∶4 type.Under the 4∶4 type,SMC and SCC increased yield by 19.80%and 23.14%and water use effi-ciency by 23.25%and 28.33%,respectively,compared with SR.The 4∶4 intercrop-ping belt type(MP2)combined with pea straw crushing and mulching(SCC)reduced water dissipation and in-creased yield and water use efficiency.This combined system can serve as an intercropping planting model for improving resource-efficient utilization in arid oasis irrigation districts.
作者
申龙强
胡发龙
拓明文
任强
马鹏
陈蕙
董志香
黄彩霞
SHEN Longqiang;HU Falong;TUO Mingwen;REN Qiang;MA Peng;CHEN Hui;Dong Zhixiang;HUANG Caixia(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronnmy,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期1781-1790,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900200)
甘肃省高校青年博士支持项目(2024QB-071)。
关键词
玉米‖豌豆间作
带型配置
覆盖方式
棵间蒸发量
水分利用效率
Maize-pea intercropping
Belt configuration
Mulching method
Soil evaporation
Water use efficiency
