摘要
联合国三次海洋法会议的召开,是冷战背景下国际社会围绕国际海洋法律制度构建展开权力博弈和利益争夺的主要表现。在第一和第二次联合国海洋法会议上,美国先后提出3海里和6海里领海宽度的立场,并承认沿海国享有不同渔业权利的9海里和6海里毗连区;在第三次联合国海洋法会议上,美国转向赞同12海里领海宽度的主张,条件是船舶、飞机自由通过和飞越国际海峡,且愿意满足各沿海国对12海里领海之外的渔业权利的需求。美国领海宽度立场的变化,反映了其海洋政策优先考虑事项的变化,暴露了其对于谋求主导国际海洋法律制度建设的领导权与话语权的野心,体现了冷战态势演变尤其是西方集团的分化和第三世界兴起的影响。
The convening of the three United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea was the main manifestation of power struggles and the competition for interests over the construction of the international marine legal system during the Cold War.During the first and second United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea,the United States successively put forward the positions of 3 and 6 miles of territorial sea breadth,recognizing 9-or 6-mile contiguous zones within which the coastal states could exercise exclusive control over fishing.During the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,the United States shifted to support the claim of 12 miles of territorial sea,on the condition that ships and aircraft are free to transit through and over international straits,and was willing to accommodate the coastal states’claims on fishing rights beyond 12 miles territorial sea.The change in the United States’position on the breadth of the territorial sea reflects the change in its ocean policy priorities,reveals its ambition to strive for leadership and discourse power in dominating the development of the international marine legal system,and reflects the evolution of the Cold War situation,especially the division of the Western bloc and the rise of the Third World.
作者
吴少杰
WU Shao-jie(School of History and Social Development,Guang Dong University of Education,Guangzhou 510800,Guangdong)
出处
《延安大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第5期108-115,共8页
Journal of Yan'an University (Social Sciences Edition)
基金
广东第二师范学院“揭榜挂帅”科研项目“阳江海洋文化遗产的构成形态、内涵价值与活化传承研究”(2024JBGS011)。
关键词
美国
领海宽度
联合国海洋法会议
the United States
breadth of the territorial sea
the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
