摘要
为了建立露天矿山的地表植被监测体系,针对矿山生态修复治理各个阶段,提供快速有效的数据支持与分析。基于高分卫星影像,提取植被指数,采用彩色密度分割法划分出露天矿山的植被覆盖类型、植被覆盖度、植被覆盖度变化趋势,套合工程平面布局矢量,研究矿山的植被动态变化。结果表明:①矿区地表植被以绿地为主,兼具林地,矿区内植被覆盖度差异较大,且总体植被覆盖度偏低,从2019年至2023年植被覆盖度整体改善,局部退化;②进行了矿山复垦、复绿的排土场、表土堆放场植被改善明显,采矿活动频繁的取土场、露天采场植被退化明显,说明植被受生态修复工程、采矿活动强度的影响明显。露天矿山由于挖掘、修复,地形变化复杂,基于大范围、连续动态、受地面条件限制小的高分系列卫星数据,结合多种植被指数的时序分析方法,能满足露天矿山植被监测的实际需求。
In order to establish the surface vegetation monitoring system of open-pit mines,rapid and effective data support and analysis were provided for each stage of the mine’s ecological restoration and governance.Based on the Gaofen satellite images,the vegetation index was extracted,and the vegetation coverage type,fractional vegetation coverage,and fractional vegetation coverage change trend of the open-pit mine were divided by using the color density segmentation method.The vegetation’s dynamic changes in the mine were studied by combining the engineering plane layout vector.The results show that:①The surface vegetation in the mining area is mainly green land,with forest land.The fractional vegetation coverage in the mining area is quite different,and the overall fractional vegetation coverage is low.From 2019 to 2023,the fractional vegetation coverage has improved as a whole and locally degraded.②The vegetation in the waste dump and topsoil dump where the mine has been reclaimed and greened has been significantly improved,and the vegetation in the borrow pit and open pit where mining activities are frequent has been significantly degraded,indicating that the vegetation is significantly affected by the ecological restoration project and the intensity of mining activities.For the complex terrain changes caused by the excavation and restoration of open-pit mines,the Gaofen series of satellite data with a large range,continuous dynamics,and less limitation by ground conditions,combined with the time series analysis method of multiple vegetation indexes,can meet the actual needs of vegetation monitoring in open-pit mines.
作者
张雅洁
杨盼
张德成
张晶晶
孙兴齐
ZHANG Yajie;YANG Pan;ZHANG Decheng;ZHANG Jingjing;SUN Xingqi(The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of the Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)
出处
《北京测绘》
2025年第9期1371-1376,共6页
Beijing Surveying and Mapping
基金
自然资源部2023年度部省合作试点项目(2023ZRBSHZ003)。
关键词
高分系列卫星
归一化植被指数
植被覆盖度
变化监测
露天矿山
Gaofen series of satellite
normalized difference vegetation index
fractional vegetation coverage
change monitoring
open-pit mine
