摘要
基于《说文解字》视角,以“视、观、察、望、见”为例,从语义、语用、语法角度辨析这组同义字在《论语》语境中的异同。在语义层面,“视”和“见”为普通地看,“观”强调细致审视,“察”侧重反复详查,“望”含远观之意;语法层面,五字在及物性、使动用法、宾语省略等方面呈现差异;语用层面则体现于时态隐含(如“视”表动作进行、“见”表动作完成)、身份层级(如“视”用于上位者探视)及情感色彩(如“望”含尊敬之意),虽同属视觉行为语义场,但通过精密的分工实现了语言表达的准确性与丰富性,其相互关联与替换规则亦反映出古汉语的文字运用规范。
From the perspective of Shuowenjiezi,this paper takes“shi(视),guan(观),cha(察),wang(望)and jian(见)”as examples to differentiate and analyze their similarities and differences in the context of The Analects of Confucius from the aspects of semantics,pragmatics and grammar.At the semantic level,“shi”(视)and“jian”(见)refer to looking at,“guan”(观)emphasizes careful examination,“cha”(察)focuses on repeated and detailed investigation,and“wang”(望)implies looking at from a distance.Grammatically,these five characters show differences in transitivity,causative usage and omission of objects.At the pragmatic level,they are reflected in implied tenses(e.g.,“shi”(视)indicates an ongoing action,while“jian”(见)suggests a completed action,status(e.g.,“shi”(视)is used to be visited by superiors),and emotional connotations(e.g.,“wang”(望)contains the meaning of respect).Although these characters belong to the same semantic field of visual behavior,they achieve the accuracy and richness of linguistic expressions through precise differentiation.Their interrelation and substitution rules also reflect the usage norms of characters in ancient Chinese.
作者
刘泳泳
Liu Yongyong(Minjiang Teachers College,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China)
出处
《漯河职业技术学院学报》
2025年第5期1-4,共4页
Journal of Luohe Vocational and Technical College
基金
福建省教育科学规划课题“福建优秀传统文化融入高职大学语文教学研究”(FJJKGZ24-037)。
关键词
说文解字
论语
同义字辨析
Shuowenjiezi
The Analects of Confucius
synonym differentiation and analysis
