摘要
水稻直播是一种无需育秧和移栽环节,直接将种子播撒到大田中的栽培方式。本文从品种选择、播种方式、播种前处理和播种管理等方面总结了其高效栽培管理技术。生产中选择适宜当地栽培、抗倒伏能力强的水稻品种作为直播栽培品种(早稻品种松雅早1号等,晚稻品种黄华占等,双季稻品种美香占2号等);直播稻以湿直播撒播为主,省工高效,旱区采用旱直播穴播,利于增产。播前进行杂草防除(10%精草铵膦等除草剂)、打田整地(机械深耕深松)和结合施肥平整地块等工作;种子进行晾晒(1~2 d)、浸种(25%咪鲜胺乳油)、催芽(30~32℃高温下放置1~2 d)等处理;适时播种(早稻3月上旬、晚稻7月中上旬),常规稻播种量3.5~4.0 kg/667 m^(2),杂交稻3.0~3.5 kg/667 m^(2)。在播后2~4 d、15~20 d和水稻长至7~8叶时分别实施芽前封闭(40%苄嘧·丙草胺等封闭除草剂)、苗后封杀(五氟磺草胺、灭草松等除草剂)、后期补除(2甲·灭草松等除草剂或人工拔除)等杂草防除技术。田间管理上,做到及时追肥,依据“深水护苗、薄水分蘖、大水孕穗、湿地增大穗”的原则科学管水;拔节前3~5 d,选用多效唑等化控剂进行化控防倒。同时,在做好常规稻田病虫害综合防治的基础上,特别注意水稻生长中后期纹枯病的防治。本文为水稻直播高产栽培管理技术的推广应用提供参考。
Direct seeding of rice is a cultivation method that involves sowing seeds directly in the field,eliminating the need for seedling nursery and transplanting.The efficient cultivation management techniques were summarized from aspects such as variety selection,sowing methods,pre-sowing treatments,and sowing management.In production,rice varieties suitable for local cultivation with strong lodging resistance should be selected for direct seeding(early rice varieties like Songyazao No.1,late rice varieties like Huanghuazhan,and dual-season varieties like Meixiangzhan No.2).Wet direct seeding with broadcast sowing is predominantly used for direct seeding rice due to its labor-saving and high efficiency,while hole sowing in dry direct seeding is adopted in arid regions to enhance yield.Pre-sowing practices include weed control(using herbicides such as 10%glufosinate-ammonium),field preparation(mechanical deep plowing and subsoiling),and land leveling combined with fertilization.Pre-sowing seed treatments involve sun-drying(1–2 days),seed soaking(using 25%prochloraz emulsion),and germination acceleration(placed at 30–32°C for 1–2 days).Timely sowing is crucial(early rice in early March,late rice in mid-to-early July),with a seeding rate of 3.5–4.0 kg/667 m^(2)for conventional rice and 3.0-3.5 kg/667 m^(2)for hybrid rice.Weed control techniques include pre-emergence treatment(using herbicides such as 40%bensulfuron-methyl·pretilachlor)2–4 days after sowing,post-emergence control(using herbicides like penoxsulam and bentazone)15-20 days after sowing,and late-stage supplementary control(using herbicides such as 2-methyl-4-chloro·bentazone or manual weeding)when rice reaches the 7–8 leaf stage.In field management,timely topdressing and scientific water management based on the principle of“deep water for seedling protection,shallow water for tillering,ample water for booting,and moist field for large panicle development”are essential.Additionally,chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol should be applied 3–5 days before jointing to prevent lodging.While implementing integrated disease and pest management as in conventional rice fields,special attention should be paid to controlling sheath blight during the mid-to-late growth stages of rice.This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of high yield cultivation management techniques for direct seedling rice.
作者
郭志丽
GUO Zhili(Agricultural Technical Extension Service Centre of Tieshangang District,Beihai 536017,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第19期17-20,共4页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
关键词
水稻
直播
播种管理
田间管理
rice
direct seeding
sowing management
field management
