摘要
本试验旨在探究基于代谢组学分析固体饲料饲喂水平对牦牛犊牛瘤胃形态和功能的影响。选取60日龄、体重[(54.20±3.28)kg]相近的断奶牦牛犊牛(公)21头,随机分为3组(每组7头),各组在饲喂等量代乳粉的基础上,分高、中、低3个水平饲喂由苜蓿干草和开食料组成的固体饲料,即高饲喂水平组(自由采食组;AL组)、中饲喂水平组(70%采食组;IR70组)和低饲喂水平组(40%采食组;IR40组)。预试期30 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)AL组瘤胃黏膜上皮、黏膜下层、肌层厚度均显著高于IR70组(P<0.05);AL组瘤胃黏膜上皮、肌层厚度显著高于IR40组(P<0.05);IR70组瘤胃乳头高度、肌层厚度显著高于IR40组(P<0.05);IR40组瘤胃黏膜下层厚度显著高于IR70组(P<0.05)。2)IR70组瘤胃纤维素酶活性显著高于AL组(P<0.05);IR40组瘤胃纤维素酶活性显著高于AL组(P<0.05)。3)代谢组学分析显示,与AL组相比,IR40组在非洲锥虫病代谢途径中,差异代谢物L-犬尿氨酸的含量显著上升(P<0.05);与AL组相比,IR70组在癌症中的碳代谢、矿物质吸收和蛋白质的消化和吸收途径中,差异代谢物L-天冬酰胺和蛋氨酸的含量显著下降(P<0.05);在蛋白质的消化和吸收途径中,差异代谢物尸胺的含量显著下降(P<0.05);而在初级胆汁酸的生物合成途径中,差异代谢产物胆汁酸的含量显著上升(P<0.05)。综上所述,在牦牛犊牛60日龄进行断奶,采用“代乳粉+苜蓿干草+开食料”饲喂方式进行早期培育时,提高固体饲料饲喂水平能促进瘤胃组织形态更好发育,通过代谢组学发现固体饲料高饲喂水平提高了牦牛犊牛对营养物质的消化吸收代谢能力,从而促进牦牛犊牛的生长发育,为哺乳期牦牛犊牛的固体饲料科学补饲提供了重要依据。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding levels of solid feed on rumen morphology and function of yak calves based on metabolomics analysis.Twenty-one 60-day-old weaned yak calves(male)with similar body weight[(54.20±3.28)kg]were selected and divided into 3 groups with 7 calves in each group,namely high feeding level group(ad libitum feeding group,AL group),medium feeding level group(70%feeding group,IR70 group)and low feeding level group(40%feeding group,IR40 group).The pre-trial period was 30 days and the trial period was 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the thickness of mucosal epithelial,submucosal layer and muscular layer of rumen in AL group were significantly higher than those in IR70 group(P<0.05);the thickness of mucosal epithelial and muscular layer of rumen in AL group were significantly higher than those in IR40 group(P<0.05).The papillary length and muscular layer thickness of rumen in IR70 group were significantly higher than those in IR40 group(P<0.05).The rumen submucous layer thickness in IR40 group was significantly higher than that in IR70 group(P<0.05).2)The rumen cellulase activity in IR70 group was significantly higher than that in AL group(P<0.05);the rumen cellulase activity in IR40 group was significantly higher than that in AL group(P<0.05).3)Metabolomics analysis showed that compared with AL,the content of L-kynurenine in the metabolic pathway of African trypanosomiasis in IR40 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with AL group,the contents of differential metabolites L-asparagine and methionine in IR70 group were significantly decreased in carbon metabolism,mineral absorption and protein digestion and absorption pathways in cancer(P<0.05).In the protein digestion and absorption pathway,the content of the differential metabolite cadaverine decreased significantly(P<0.05);in the biosynthetic pathway of primary bile acids,the content of bile acids,a differential metabolite,increased significantly(P<0.05).In summary,when the yak calves are weaned at 60 days of age,and the‘milk replacer+alfalfa hay+starter’feeding method is used for early cultivation,increasing the level of solid feed feeding can promote the better development of rumen tissue morphology.Through metabolomics,it is found that the high feeding level improves the digestion and absorption of nutrients in yak calves,thereby improving the growth and development quality of yak calves,and providing an important basis for the scientific supplementary feeding of solid feed for lactating yak calves.
作者
别欣亚
李世关
周亚楠
袁金泉
杨得玉
刘书杰
崔占鸿
BIE Xinya;LI Shiguan;ZHOU Ya’nan;YUAN Jinquan;YANG Deyu;LIU Shujie;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期6254-6266,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
青海省重大科技专项(2021-NK-A5)。
