摘要
本试验旨在探究低盐条件下不同养殖密度对斑节对虾生长性能、消化能力和肌肉营养成分的影响,以确定低盐条件下斑节对虾的养殖密度。选取250尾平均体重为(3.02±0.30)g、平均体长为(5.88±0.52)cm的健康斑节对虾,设置水体盐度为(4.5±0.5)‰,并设置5个养殖密度,即在试验缸(水体体积0.12 m 3,80 cm×50 cm×30 cm)中分别放养6、9、12、15和18尾对虾,对应养殖密度为45、70、95、120和145尾/m 3,分别记为M45组、M70组、M95组、M120组和M145组,每个养殖密度设置3个平行缸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)M45组、M70组和M95组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于M120组和M145组(P<0.05),摄食率显著低于M145组(P<0.05);M45组和M70组存活率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),肥满度显著高于M95组和M120组(P<0.05),蛋白质效率显著高于M120组和M145组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于M120组和M145组(P<0.05)。2)M45组和M70组肝胰腺淀粉酶活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05);M70组肝胰腺胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05),肝胰腺α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶1和脂肪酶成熟因子2(LMF2)mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。3)M70组和M120组肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),M70组肌肉粗灰分含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),M145组肌肉水分含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。4)除胱氨酸和丙氨酸外,M145组肌肉各种氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量均显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。各组肌肉必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为61.33%~75.61%,其中M70组最高;以氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)为评价指标,肌肉中缬氨酸为主要限制性氨基酸。5)M70组和M95组肌肉总饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),M145组肌肉总单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),M45组和M70组肌肉总多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于M95组(P<0.05),M70组肌肉二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于M95组和M145组(P<0.05)。M45组肌肉多烯指数(PI)显著高于除M120组外的其他组(P<0.05);各组肌肉动脉粥样硬化指数(IA,0.37~0.44)和血栓形成指数(IT,0.38~0.46)均低于安全值(1.00)。综上所述,在低盐条件下,当斑节对虾养殖密度不高于70尾/m 3时,有利于促进其生长,提高消化能力,且具有较高的营养价值。
This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,digestive capacity and muscle nutrients of Penaeus monodon under low-salinity condition,and determine the appropriate stocking density.A total of 250 healthy Penaeus monodon with an average body weight of(3.02±0.30)g and an average body length of(5.88±0.52)cm were selected.The water salinity was set at(4.5±0.5)‰,and five stocking densities were set,that was,each 6,9,12,15 and 18 shrimps were raised in an experimental tank(with a water volume of 0.12 m 3,80 cm×50 cm×30 cm),corresponding to the stocking densities of 45,70,95,120 and 145 shrimps/m 3,which were labeled as M45,M70,M95,M120 and M145 groups,respectively.Three parallel tanks were set up for each stocking density.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate in M45,M70 and M95 groups were significantly higher than those in M120 and M145 groups(P<0.05),and the feeding rate was significantly lower than that in M145 group(P<0.05);the survival rate in M45 and M70 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),the condition factor was significantly higher than that in M95 and M120 groups(P<0.05),the protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher than that in M120 and M145 groups(P<0.05),and the feed coefficient was significantly lower than that in M120 and M145 groups(P<0.05).2)The amylase activity in hepatopancreas in M45 and M70 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05);the activities of trypsin and lipase in hepatopancreas in M70 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05),and the mRNA relative expression levels ofα-amylase,trypsin 1 and lipase maturation factor 2(LMF2)in hepatopancreas were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).3)The crude protein content in muscle in M70 and M120 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),the crude ash content in muscle in M70 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the moisture content in muscle in M145 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).4)Except for cystine and alanine,the contents of various amino acids,delicious amino acids,sweet amino acids,essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids and total amino acids in muscle in M145 group were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The essential amino acid index(EAAI)in muscle in each group ranged from 61.33%to 75.61%,among which M70 group had the highest index.Taking amino acid score(AAS)and chemical score(CS)as evaluation indices,valine was the main limiting amino acid in muscle.5)The total saturated fatty acid content in muscle in M70 and M95 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),the total monounsaturated fatty acid content in muscle in M145 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),the total polyunsaturated fatty acid content in muscle in M45 and M70 groups was significantly higher than that in M95 group(P<0.05),and the eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content in muscle in M70 group was significantly higher than that in M95 and M145 groups(P<0.05).The polyene index(PI)in muscle in M45 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups except M120 group(P<0.05).The index of atherogenicity(IA,0.37 to 0.44)and index of thrombogenicity(IT,0.38 to 0.46)in muscle in each group were all lower than the safe value(1.00).In conclusion,the stocking density of≤70 shrimps/m 3 under low-salinity condition is favorable to promote the growth of Penaeus monodon,improve the digestive capacity,and have a high food value.
作者
许金震
俞韩绣
唐海南
李金鑫
黄永春
蔡章印
于明超
XU Jinzhen;YU Hanxiu;TANG Hainan;LI Jinxin;HUANG Yongchun;CAI Zhangyin;YU Mingchao(College of Fisheries,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Longhai Shunyuan Aquatic Technology Co.,Ltd.,Longhai 363100,China;Qingdao Hairen Aquatic Breeding Industry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266200,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期6210-6227,共18页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
福建省高校产学合作项目(2023N5007)
福建省科技特派员后补助项目(2021S2001)。
关键词
低盐
养殖密度
斑节对虾
生长性能
消化能力
肌肉营养成分
low-salinity
stocking density
Penaeus monodon
growth performance
digestive capacity
muscle nutrients
