摘要
本试验旨在探究亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)对奶牛产乳性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化、抗氧化、免疫指标的影响。选取16头健康状况良好、胎次、体重、泌乳天数、产奶量相近的荷斯坦奶牛,分为2组,即对照组和SARA组,每组8头。对照组按照牧场饲养管理,饲喂精粗比为5∶5的基础饲粮,SARA组饲喂基础饲粮+1 kg/d的压片玉米,饲粮精粗比为6∶4。试验期包括15 d预试期和45 d正试期。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,SARA组奶牛的瘤胃丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸及乳酸含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),乙酸含量和瘤胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);SARA组奶牛在第15、30、45天的乳脂率极显著降低(P<0.01),第15天时体细胞数极显著增加(P<0.01),第1~45天的产奶量有所下降(P>0.05),而能量校正乳产量极显著降低(P<0.01);干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)第15天和第45天时,与对照组相比,SARA组奶牛血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著升高(P<0.05);第15天和第45天时,与对照组相比,SARA组奶牛血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);第45天时,与对照组相比,SARA组奶牛血清过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性极显著降低(P<0.01),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,SARA组第15天和第45天的奶牛血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、淀粉样蛋白(SAA)含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),第45天的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),而结合珠蛋白(HP)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,SARA能够改变奶牛瘤胃发酵模式,引起机体氧化应激、炎症反应及免疫能力下降,降低奶牛产乳性能,增加乳房炎患病风险。
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)on lactation performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical,antioxidant and immune indexes of dairy cows.The 16 Holstein cows with similar body condition,parity,body weight,lactation days and milk yield were divided into 2 groups,named CON group and SARA group,with 8 cows in each group.Cows in the CON group were fed a basal diet with a concentrate to forage ratio of 5∶5,cows in the SARA group were supplemented with 1 kg/d pressed corn based on CON group,and the ratio of dietary concentrate to forage was 6∶4.The experimental period includes a 15-day pre-feeding period and a 45-day formal trial period.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the contents of propionic acid,butyric acid,total volatile fatty acid and lactic acid in the rumen of cows in SARA group were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the content of acetic acid and rumen pH were significantly decreased(P<0.05).In SARA group,milk fat percentage was extremely significantly decreased on days 15,30,and 45(P<0.01),body cell number was extremely significantly increased on day 15(P<0.01),milk yield was decreased from days 1 to 45(P>0.05),and energy-corrected milk yield was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)decreased significantly or extremely significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).2)On days 15 and 45,the serum albumin(ALB)content of cows in SARA group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).On days 15 and 45,serum catalase(CAT)activities in SARA group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05),while serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly higher(P<0.05).On day 45,compared with the control group,the activities of serum peroxidase(POD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and lysozyme(LZM)in SARA group were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)was significantly decreased(P<0.05).On days 15 and 45,the serum contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and amyloid protein(SAA)in SARA group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The content of serum immunoglobulin A(IgA)on day 45 decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the content of haptoglobin(HP)increased significantly(P<0.05).In summary,SARA can change rumen fermentation mode,cause oxidative stress,inflammatory response and decrease immune capacity of dairy cows,and lead to a decline in lactation performance and a higher risk of mastitis in dairy cows.
作者
崔洪哲
朱馨宁
杨永红
胡红莲
张爱忠
CUI Hongzhe;ZHU Xinning;YANG Yonghong;HU Honglian;ZHANG Aizhong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期5982-5997,共16页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32460847)。
关键词
奶牛
亚急性瘤胃酸中毒
氧化应激
炎症反应
cows
subacute ruminal acidosis
oxidative stress
inflammatory response
