摘要
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)作为全球第四大粮食作物,其种植范围覆盖六大洲的温带和亚热带地区,年产量超过3.7亿t。近年来,马铃薯加工产业链产生了越来越多的副产物,这些储存难度大但营养丰富的副产物给资源利用和环境管理带来了双重挑战。反刍动物独特的消化系统能够通过微生物发酵将农副产品有效地转化为优质蛋白质,这为马铃薯副产物的可持续利用提供了一种前景广阔的思路。虽然不同类型马铃薯副产物在实际饲用场景仍存在龙葵素、霉菌毒素、寄生虫和物理性状等问题,但是如果能够将其应用于反刍动物生产不仅能够避免环境污染和营养损失,在“人畜争粮”背景下还能够节约粮食、降低饲养成本。然而,现有研究缺乏对马铃薯副产物的系统分类以及对其营养成分和饲喂效果的全面评估。本文列举了不同类型马铃薯副产物的来源和营养成分差异,提出马铃薯副产物在反刍动物生产中的应用方案,并针对其在实际生产中的潜在风险进行综述,以期探究马铃薯副产物在反刍动物生产的应用效果,缓解“人畜争粮”问题。
The potato(Solanum tuberosum L.),as the fourth largest food crop in the world,is cultivated in the temperate and subtropical regions of six continents,with an annual output of over 370 million tons.In recent years,the potato processing industry chain has generated an increasing number of by-products.These by-products,which are difficult to store but rich in nutrients,have brought dual challenges to resource utilization and environmental management.The unique digestive system of ruminants can effectively convert agricultural by-products into high-quality protein through microbial fermentation,which provides a promising idea for the sustainable utilization of potato by-products.Although different types of potato by-products still have problems such as solanine,mycotoxins,parasites and physical properties in actual feeding scenarios,if they can be applied to ruminant production,it can not only avoid environmental pollution and nutrient loss,but also save food and reduce feeding costs in the context of“human-animal competition for food”.However,existing studies lack a systematic classification of potato by-products and a comprehensive assessment of their nutritional components and feeding effects.This article lists the sources and differences in nutritional components of different types of potato by-products,proposes application schemes of potato by-products in ruminant production,and reviews the potential risks in actual production,with the aim of exploring the application effects of potato by-products in ruminant production and alleviating the problem of“human-animal competition for food”.
作者
史长笑
赵文熙
王玉涛
苏华维
SHI Changxiao;ZHAO Wenxi;WANG Yutao;SU Huawei(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Guizhou Cattle Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550001,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期5716-5728,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD300904)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602310)
中国农业大学2115人才培养计划
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37)。
关键词
马铃薯副产物
营养特性
反刍动物
应用
potato by-products
nutritional characteristics
ruminants
application
