摘要
城市化建设导致荒野空间日益缩减,园艺栽培植物成为城市绿地主力军,大面积高消耗、同质化的人工植物景观不利于生态系统功能的发挥。自生植物生命力顽强,是城市荒野重要组成部分且更加经济节约。为探索可维持较高生物多样性的低维护群落营建模式,研究以成都绕城绿道为例,于2024年4、5月采用均匀取样法和典型样方法,对自生植物群落扩散特征及与栽培植物的共存格局进行调研分析。研究表明:1)共记录植物316种,其中自生植物占74.68%(236种,包括60种栽培逸为自生的植物),以乡土植物为主;栽培植物占25.32%(80种),以国外外来植物为主。2)群落面积随物种多度增加极显著扩大(P<0.001),面积随一、二年生植物(如春飞蓬)多度增加扩散最为显著(P<0.001)。不同生境中群落自然分布面积无显著差异,但物种数差异显著(P<0.05)。3)自生植物优势种生态位宽度大于栽培植物,自生植物之间多呈正联结,其与栽培植物联结度适中,不同栽培植物群落的均匀度指数差异极显著(P<0.001)。研究为城市野趣、低维护自生植物群落景观营建提供参考,从多样性维持和观赏性的角度探讨自生植物与栽培植物共同营建群落的可能性,为自生植物群落景观优化提供参考。
Urbanization has resulted in the reduction of wilderness spaces,making horticultural plants the predominant constituents of urban greenspace.This extensive,resource-intensive,and uniform artificial plant landscape hinders the fulfillment of ecosystem functions.Urban spontaneous plants have strong vitality.They are important components of urban wilderness,offering greater economic benefits.In order to explore the low-maintenance community model that sustains high biodiversity,this study took the Chengdu ring road greenway as an example.The dispersal characteristics of spontaneous plant communities and their coexistence patterns with the cultivated plants were investigated and analyzed by employing the uniform sampling method and typical sample method in April and May 2024.The results showed that:1)A total of 316 plant species were recorded,with 74.68% being spontaneous plants(236 species,including 60 species were escaped from cultivated plants),predominantly indigenous;while cultivated plants accounted for 25.32%(80 species),predominantly non-indigenous.2)The community area expanded significantly with the increase of species abundance(P<0.001),and the area spread most significantly with the increase of the abundance of annual and biennial plants(P<0.001).Overall,no difference was found among the area of communities in different habitats,but the number of species supported by distinct habitats was significantly different(P<0.05).3)Niche width of the dominant species of spontaneous plants was generally larger than that of cultivated plants,and most of the spontaneous plants were positively associated.Their association with cultivated plants was moderate,and the community evenness indices of different cultivated plants were significantly different(P<0.001).This study provides a reference for the landscape construction of urban wild and low-maintenance spontaneous plant communities.It explores the possibility of co-construction of spontaneous and cultivated plants from the perspective of diversity maintenance and ornamentality,which provides reference for the landscape optimization of spontaneous communities.
作者
常满
李晓鹏
张彤
伍先成
陆思羽
毛薇
CHANG Man;LI Xiaopeng;ZHANG Tong;WU Xiancheng;LU Siyu;MAO Wei(School of Architecture,Southwest Jiao Tong University,Chengdu 611756,China;Chengdu Flower and Tree Technical Service Center,Chengdu 610031,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第18期9052-9065,共14页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(52108065)。
关键词
自生植物
群落分布
多样性
栽培与自生
低维护景观
spontaneous plants
community distribution
diversity
cultivated vs.spontaneous
low-maintenance landscape
