摘要
合理的设计和管理的城市绿地是解决城市化与生物多样性矛盾的有效手段。深入分析城市不同植被类型及其管理措施对传粉昆虫群落特征的影响,对制定科学精准的传粉昆虫友好型植物群落构建与管理措施具有重要意义。选择重庆市两江新区10个大型综合公园不同植被类型(草坪、多年生草地、灌丛、疏林、林地),分析其传粉昆虫群落特征的差异,以及植物因子与管理措施对传粉昆虫群落组成、访花次数的影响。结果表明,传粉昆虫优势种为中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)、黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)、东方墨蚜蝇(Melanostoma orientale),优势类群为蜜蜂科(Apidae)、食蚜蝇科(Syrphidae)和隧蜂科(Halictidae)。不同植被类型之间传粉昆虫的多样性存在显著性差异,灌丛和疏林的传粉昆虫物种多样性最高,多年生草地和林地次之,草坪最低。花朵多度和施用除草剂频率分别对传粉昆虫多样性和组成产生显著正向和负向影响。葎草(Humulus scandens)和一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)虽然对传粉昆虫物种组成影响显著,但由于其入侵性强,招引的都是世界广布种,且牺牲了本土植物传粉。六月雪(Serissa japonica)和旱伞草(Cyperus involucratus)由于其花部特征分别显著提高中华蜜蜂(A.cerana)、灰带管蚜蝇(Eristalis cerealis)和尖肩淡脉隧蜂(Lasioglossum subopacum)访花次数。建议在未来绿地的建植管理中,适当增加灌丛、疏林的比例,增加多年生草地植物物种多样性,为不同类群传粉昆虫提供蜜粉源及筑巢资源;杜绝除草剂的使用以减少对乡土植物资源及其传粉昆虫的危害。为快速城市化地区生物友好型绿地建植与管理提供科学依据,对维持城镇空间的可持续性具有重要意义。
Properly designed and managed urban green spaces effectively resolve the contradiction between urbanization and biodiversity.An in-depth analysis of the impact of different urban vegetation types and their management practices on pollinator community traits is of great significance to the formulation of scientific and practical pollinator-friendly plant community construction and management practices.Different vegetation types(lawns,perennial meadows,shrubs,sparse forests,dense woodlands)in 10 comprehensive parks in Liangjiang New Area,Chongqing were selected to analyze their differences in pollinator community traits,as well as the effects of plant variables and management practices on pollinator community composition,diversity,and floral visitation rates.The results show that the dominant pollinator species were Apis cerana,Episyrphus balteatus,and Melanostoma orientale,with Apidae,Syrphidae,and Halictidae being the dominant taxa.Significant differences were found in the pollinator diversity among different vegetation types.Shrubs and sparse forests had the highest diversity of pollinator species,followed by perennial meadows and dense woodlands,and lawns have the lowest diversity.This confirms that rich plant species,sufficient sunshine,a moderate number of tall trees,and shrubs are relatively high-quality habitats for pollinators.Lawns,being monocultures with high management intensity,are the main reason for low pollinator species diversity.Among all environmental factors,floral abundance positively affected pollinator diversity and composition,while herbicide use frequency had a significant negative effect.Moreover,herbicides,while targeting certain plants,can pose significant ecotoxicological risks to non-targeted plants and associated pollinators,resulting in reduced floral resources and pollinator visitation.Although Humulus scandens and Erigeron annuus significantly affected the species composition of some pollinators,both of them had strong invasiveness.Besides,Humulus scandens only attracted species that were widely distributed and it is hard to contribute to other wild and solitary bees.Erigeron annuus has become the target plant flowers of native insects,which is conducive to its invasion to local ecosystem,and even occupies the growth space of native plants and destroys the local ecosystem.Moreover,the pollination of some native plant species was sacrificed.The floral traits of Serissa japonica and Cyperus alternifolius significantly increased the number of visits by A.cerana,Eristalis cerealis,and Lasioglossum subopacum,respectively.It is recommended that in the future establishment and management of green spaces,the proportion of shrubs and sparse forests should be appropriately increased,and the plant species diversity of perennial meadows should be increased to provide nectar and pollen resources for different groups of pollinators;the use of herbicides should be avoided to reduce the threat to native plant species and relevant pollinators.This study provides scientific support for the establishment and management of bio-friendly green spaces in rapidly urbanizing areas,which is of great significance to maintaining the sustainability of urban spaces.
作者
杨凤萍
李秋桦
赵娟娟
杜楠楠
杨亚君
王海洋
YANG Fengping;LI Qiuhua;ZHAO Juanjuan;DU Nannan;YANG Yajun;WANG Haiyang(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Yunyang County Party Committee Office,Chongqing 404500,China;Xiaogan Municipal Institute of Territorial Spatial Planning,Xiaogan 432000,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第18期9025-9036,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(32101576)
中央高校基本科研业务费(SWU-KT22056)
重庆市城市管理局科研项目(2022第(29)号)
重庆市留学人员回国创新支持计划(cx2021074)。
关键词
城市化
植被类型
群落组成
传粉服务
蜜蜂
蝴蝶
食蚜蝇
urbanization
vegetation types
community composition
pollination service
bee
butterfly
hoverfly
