摘要
【目的】探究适合新疆不同生态区膜下滴灌藜麦水肥管理模式,明确不同水肥耦合用量对藜麦籽粒产量、生物量、养分吸收和水肥利用效率的影响。【方法】试验在尼勒克县设置5个施肥水平[N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O施用量分别为76.2-64.8-60(F1)、101.6-86.4-80(F2)、127-108-100(F3)、152.4-129.6-120(F4)、177.8-151.2-140(F5)kg/hm^(2)]和3个灌水水平[分别为1500(W1)、3000(W2)、4500(W3)m^(3)/hm^(2)],奇台县设置5个施肥水平[N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O施用量分别为144-123-60(F1)、192-164-80(F2)、240-205-100(F3)、288-246-120(F4)、336-287-140(F5)kg/hm^(2)]和3个灌水水平[分别为1500(W1)、3000(W2)、4500(W3)m^(3)/hm^(2)]。【结果】随着灌水量的增加,尼勒克县和奇台县藜麦平均地上部总干重、氮、磷、钾素吸收量均会增加;随着施肥量的增加,两地藜麦平均地上部总的干重、氮、磷和钾素吸收量均呈先增加后降低趋势,在F4施肥水平均最大;尼勒克县产量在W2F4处理达到最大,为5246.27 kg/hm^(2),尼勒克县在W3F4处理(灌水量4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥量N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:152.4-129.6-120 kg/hm^(2))和奇台县在W3F4处理(灌水量4500 m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥量在N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:288-246-120 kg/hm^(2))时藜麦生物量和养分吸收量均最高。随着灌水量增加,藜麦灌溉水利用效率显著降低,而肥料偏生产力增加;W1和W2灌水水平下,随着施肥量增加,藜麦灌溉水利用效率整体呈增加趋势,而W3灌水水平下,灌溉水利用效率随着施肥量增加先增加后降低;而肥料偏生产力随着灌水量增加先增加后不变,随着施肥量增加,藜麦肥料偏生产力呈降低趋势。【结论】灌水量在3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥量在N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:152.4-129.6-120 kg/hm^(2)时是尼勒克县藜麦高产的最佳水肥耦合处理;灌水和施肥会增加藜麦地上部生物量和养分吸收量,但施肥过量会抑制生长和养分吸收,适宜的灌水量和施肥量有利于藜麦产量和水肥利用效率的提高。
[Objective]The present paper aimed to explore the water and fertilizer management model of quinoa under film drip irrigation in different ecological regions of Xinjang,to investigate the effects of different water-fertilizer coupling dosages on quinoa grain yield,biomass nutrient uptake,water and fertilizer use eficiency.[Method]The experiment was designed with five fertilization levels[N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O applica-tion rates of 76.2-64.8-60(F1),101.6-86.4-80(F2),127-108-100(F3),152.4-129.6-120(F4)and 177.8-151.2-140(F5)kg/hm^(2)]and three rrigation water rates[1500(W1),3000(W2)and 4500(W3)m^(3)/hm^(2),respectively]in Nilka county.Qitai county set five fertilization levels[N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O application rates of 144-123-60(F1),192-164-80(F2),240-205-100(F3),288-246-120(F4)and 336-287-140(F5)kg/hm^(2)]and three rrigation rates[1500(W1),3000(W2)and 4500(W3)m^(3)/hm^(2),respectively].[Result]The av-erage total above-ground dry weight,nitrogen,phosphorus and potash uptake of quinoa in Nilka and Qitai counties increased with the increase of irrigation rates.With the increase of fertilizer application,the average total above-ground dry weight,nitrogen,phosphorus and potash up-take of quinoa in both locations showed an increasing and then decreasing trend,with the maximum in both F4 treatment.The distribution of stems in the above-ground part of quinoa in Qitai county was higher than that of spikes and leaves,with stems accounting for 53.35%of the total dry weight.And the highest percentage of nitrogen uptake,phosphorus uptake,and potassium uptake in both sites was spike.Yield in Nilka county reached its maximum at 5246.27 kg/hm^(2) in the W2F4 treatment,and quinoa biomass and nutrient uptake were the highest in Nilka county at the W3F4 treatment(irrigation rate of 4500 m^(3)/hm^(2),fertilizer application rate N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:152.4-129.6-120 kg/hm^(2))and in Qitai county at the W3F4 treatment(irrigation rate of 4500 m^(3)/hm^(2),fertilizer application at N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:288-246-120 kg/hm^(2))when quinoa biomass and nutrient uptake were the highest.Irrigation water use efficiency of quinoa decreased significantly with increasing ir-rigation water rate,while ferilizer partial factor productivity increased.The overal trend of increasing rrigation water use eficiency in quinoa with increasing fertilizer application was observed at W1 and W2 irrigation levels,while irrigation water use efficiency first increased and then decreased with increasing fertilizer application at W3 irrigation level.Fertilizer partial factor productivity increased and then remained un-changed with increasing irigation rate,and tended to decrease with increasing fertilizer application in quinoa.[Conclusion]Irigation rate at 3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)and fertilization rate at N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O:152.4-129.6-120 kg/hm^(2) are the best water-fertilizer coupling treatments for high yield in Nilka county.Irrigation and fertilization increase quinoa shoot biomass and nutrient uptake,but excessive fertilization inhibits growth and nutrient uptake.Appropriate irigation and fertilization rates are effective in improving quinoa yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency.
作者
周广威
王明双
王静
张军高
冯耀祖
雷斌
张少民
ZHOU Guang-wei;WANG Ming-shuang;WANG Jing;ZHANG Jun-gao;FENG Yao-zu;LEI Bin;ZHANG Shao-min(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 83000,China;Institute of Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1510-1517,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02010-3)。
关键词
水肥耦合
藜麦
不同生态区
水肥利用效率
Water and fertilizer coupling
Quinoa
Different ecological regions
Water and fertilizer use efficiency
