摘要
【目的】探究草甘膦施用后烟田土壤微生物群落结构、多样性及代谢功能的变化规律,为草甘膦的合理安全使用提供科学依据。【方法】采用扩增子测序和Biolog-ECO技术,研究30%草甘膦处理不同时长(1、5、10、20、40、60 d)对烟田土壤真菌和细菌群落结构、多样性和代谢功能的影响。【结果】草甘膦施用1~20 d,烟田土壤中细菌和真菌群落丰富度与处理前无显著变化,第40天略有降低但差异不显著,第60天显著降低。其中,细菌群落的Sobs、Ace和Chao1指数分别从处理前的2713、3640和3590降至处理后第60天的2184、2405和2430,真菌群落相应指数则从399、503和487分别降至164、258和238。在多样性方面,细菌群落多样性在整个试验期内均无显著变化;真菌群落多样性在处理前40 d无显著变化,第60天显著降低,其中Simpson指数由处理前的0.0623增至0.1782,Shannon指数从3.63降低至2.66。土壤中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),优势菌属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、Vicinamibacteraceae、枝孢属(Cladosporium)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)等。草甘膦胁迫下,Dongia、Reyranella、酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)、Saccharimonadales、德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、虫草属(Cordyceps)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)等相对丰度增加,其余菌属相对丰度降低。草甘膦处理对细菌群落功能无显著影响,但对真菌群落功能影响较大,尤其是具有内生菌-凋落物腐生菌-土壤腐生菌-未定义腐生菌功能的真菌相对丰度变化显著。草甘膦处理后,土壤微生物群落对碳源的代谢能力均有不同程度的增强,包括对原有10种代谢程度一般或较低的碳源转变为高效代谢,以及对原有14种高效代谢碳源的代谢程度进一步增强。【结论】草甘膦处理可改变烟田土壤真细菌群落组成和结构,尤其是在处理后第40~60天内影响显著;同时草甘膦处理也增强了土壤微生物的碳源代谢功能。
[Objective]The changes in soil microbial community structure,diversity and metabolic functions in tobacco fields after glyphosate application were investigated to provide a scientific basis for the rational and safe use of glyphosate.[Method]Amplicon sequencing and Bi-olog-ECO plates were employed to study the effects of 30%glyphosate treatment at different durations(1,5,10,20,40 and 60 days)on fun-gal and bacterial community structure,diversity,and metabolic functions in tobacco field soil.[Result]Bacterial and fungal community rich-ness showed no significant changes from 1 to 20 days after glyphosate treatment.A slight but non-significant decrease occurred at 40 days,fol-lowed by a significant reduction at 60 days.Sobs,Ace and Chao1 indiced of bacteria decreased from 2713,3640 and 3590(pre-treatment)to 2184,2405 and 2430 at 60 days.Corresponding indices of fungi dropped from 399,503 and 487(pre-treatment)to 164,258 and 238 at 60 days.Bacterial diversity remained stable throughout the experiment.Fungal diversity showed no significant changes until 60 days,when Simp-son index increased from 0.0623 to 0.1782,and Shannon index decreased from 3.63 to 2.66.Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,Actinobacteri-ota,Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla.Sphingomonas,Vicinamibacteraceae,Cladosporium and Mortierel-la were dominant genera.Under glyphosate stress,the relative abundance of Dongia,Reyranella,Acidibacter,Saccharimonadales,Devosia,Cla-dosporium,Cordyceps and Aspergillus increased,and the relative abundance of other genera decreased.No significant effects on bacterial func-tion after glyphosate treatment,and fungal functional groups exhibited significant changes,especially in endophytes-litter saprotrophs-soil sa-protrophs-undefined saprotrophs,Carbon source metabolism enhanced to varying degrees,including 10 moderately/low-metabolized carbon sources shifting to high efficiency,and 14 high-efficiency carbon sources being further optimized.[Conclusion]Glyphosate treatment alters the composition and structure of soil fungal and bacterial communities in tobacco fields,with pronounced effects at 40-60 days post-treat-ment.It also enhances microbial metabolic capacity for carbon sources.
作者
林木森
向立刚
郭涛
王莹
余知和
高贵
陈立
汪汉成
LIN Mu-sen;XIANG Li-gang;GUO Tao;WANG Ying;YU Zhi-he;GAO Gui;CHEN Li;WANG Han-cheng(Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550081,China;Anshun Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China;College of Life Science of Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Qianxinan Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1489-1498,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省烟草公司合肥市公司项目(2022XM07)
贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司项目(2024ASXM06)
贵州省人才项目“贵州省‘百层次’创新型人才”(GCC[2022]028-1)
贵州省科技创新人才团队项目(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]021)。
关键词
草甘膦
土壤微生物群落
多样性
丰富度
代谢功能
Glyphosate
Soil microbial community
Diversity
Richness
Metabolic function
