摘要
在国家低空经济战略和快速发展的新一代航空技术的推动下,低空物流作为智慧交通的重要组成,正加速构建“天地一体、多元融合”的新型物流网络。本文旨在构建高效、安全、智能的低空物流系统,重点解决山区、城乡复杂环境的物流瓶颈,扩大城乡覆盖范围,提高“最后一公里”配送效率,推动物流绿色化与智能化转型。本文系统分析了4类无人载具(多旋翼无人机、固定翼无人机、电动垂直起降飞行器、翼伞无人机)的性能特点及应用,指出这4类无人载具在航程、载重、环境适应性和运行成本上的差异及互补优势;围绕低空空域划分标准和运营管理机制,结合城市空域结构化建模和智能航路规划技术,分析了适用于多样地形环境下的低空路径规划模式,并构建了低空物流网络优化框架以及涵盖起降点、补能设施、飞行监管和物流调度的综合运营体系,强化了系统集成与协同能力。当前低空物流发展面临空域政策滞后、适航标准不统一、运营成本高和飞行安全保障不足等瓶颈问题。为推动低空物流与智慧交通的深度融合,需从政策、标准、运营和技术4个维度协同发力,加快空域开放改革,完善无人机适航认证,探索可持续商业模式,构建智能调度与精准监管支撑的绿色低空物流系统。
Motivated by national low-altitude economic strategies and advances in next-generation aviation technologies,low-altitude logistics,as an integral part of intelligent transportation,is greatly boosting the development of a novel logistics network characterized by integrated aerial and terrestrial systems.This study aims to develop an efficient,secure,and intelligent low-altitude logistics system,with a focus on addressing logistics bottlenecks in mountainous regions and complex urban and rural settings,thus enhancing spatial coverage and last-mile delivery efficiency and fostering the green and intelligent transformation of the logistics sector.The performance characteristics and applications of four types of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),namely multi-rotor UAVs,fixed-wing UAVs,electric vertical takeoff and landing(eVTOLs),and winged-parachute UAVs,were systematically analyzed,highlighting their distinct and complementary advantages in terms of range,payload,environmental adaptability,and operational cost.With an emphasis on low-altitude airspace classification standards and operational management frameworks,and structured urban airspace modeling and intelligent route planning technologies were utilized,and applicable route planning strategies across varied terrain conditions were analyzed.As a result,an optimized framework for low-altitude logistics networks was proposed,and a comprehensive operational system encompassing takeoff and landing sites,energy supply facilities,flight supervision,and logistics scheduling was established to enhance system-level integration and synergy.There are several bottlenecks in the development of low-altitude logistics,including outdated airspace policies,inconsistent airworthiness certification standards,high operational costs,and inadequate flight safety assurances.To facilitate the deep integration of low-altitude logistics with intelligent transportation,coordinated efforts are required across four policies,standards,operations,and technologies:accelerating airspace reform,enhancing UAV airworthiness certification systems,exploring sustainable operational models,and developing an eco-friendly low-altitude logistics system supported by intelligent scheduling and precise supervision.
作者
于洋
魏尧
王靖云
胥叶
付洋春
朱柏林
YU Yang;WEI Yao;WANG Jingyun;XU Ye;FU Yangchun;ZHU Boin(School of Aeronautics,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;College of Traffic&Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)
出处
《长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版)》
2025年第4期20-56,共37页
Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology:Natural Science
关键词
低空经济
低空物流
智慧交通
无人载具
空域划分
运营管理
low-altitude economy
low-altitude logistics
intelligent transportation
unmanned aerial vehicle
airspace classification
operation and management
