摘要
【目的】筛选适宜昆明地区栽培的青贮玉米品种,并研究其适宜收割期,为畜牧业可持续发展奠定基础。【方法】在昆明市郊开展13个青贮玉米品种的适应性试验,在散粉后10~60d测定各品种的生物产量和青贮品质,并采用隶属函数法评价各品种的适应性和最佳收割时间。【结果】在散粉后10~60d收割,13个青贮玉米品种的鲜草产量总体呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且在散粉后20或30d收割的产量最高,并达到青贮玉米品质等级标准。其中,桥单6号等5个玉米品种散粉后30 d收割的鲜草产量较高、品质较好;曲辰9号等8个品种散粉后20 d收割的鲜草产量较高、品质较好。13个青贮玉米品种的鲜草产量在49.26~172.52 t/hm^(2)之间,品种间差异较大。其中,于最佳收割时间(散粉后30 d)收割的桥单6号,其鲜草产量最高,青贮品质达到2级标准;珍禾68鲜草产量次之,青贮品质也达到2级标准。隶属函数分析结果显示:桥单6号排名第1,其次是豫青贮23、桂青贮5号、珍禾68、登海青贮3206、大京九26等品种。【结论】桥单6号在昆明市郊种植的适应性最好,散粉后30d收割产量最高、青贮品质较好,达到2级标准;其次是豫青贮23、桂青贮5号、珍禾68、登海青贮3206、大京九26等品种,在散粉后20~30d收割最佳。
[Purpose]To select suitable silage maize varieties and harvesting periods for culti-vation in Kunming,laying the foundation for the sustainable development of animal husbandry.[Methods]The adaptability test of 13 silage maize varieties was carried out in Kunming.The bio-logical yield and silage quality of each variety were measured from 10 to 60 days after pollination.The adaptability and optimal harvesting time of each variety were evaluated by the membership func-tion method.[Results]The fresh grass yield of 13 silage maize varieties showed an overall trend of first increasing then decreasing with harvested from 10 to 60 days after pollination.The highest yield was obtained when the crop was harvested 20 or 30 days after pollination,and the quality reached the standards for silage maize.Five varieties such as Qiaodan No.6 had higher yield and quality of fresh grass in harvested 30 days after pollination,and eight varieties such as Quchen No.9 had higher yield and better quality of fresh grass when harvested 20 days after pollination.The 13 silage maize variet-ies had fresh grass yields ranging from 49.26 to 172.52 t/hm^(2).Among them,the yield of Qiaodan No.6 was the highest,which was harvested in optimal harvest time(30 days after pollination),and the sil-age quality reached grade 2.Fresh grass yield of Zhenhe 68 was the second highest,and silage quality also reached grade 2.The membership function analysis results showd Qiaodan No.6 ranked the first,followed by Yu silage 23,Gui silage No.5,Zhenhe 68,Denghai silage 3206,Dajingjiu 26 and so on.[Conclusion]Qiaodan No.6 has the best adaptability in Kunming,with the highest yield and better silage quality of fresh grass when harvested 30 days after pollination,reaching grade 2.It is followed by Yu silage 23,Gui silage No.5,Zhenhe 68,Denghai silage 3206,Dajingjiu 26,and other varieties,which are best harvested 20 to 30 days after pollination.
作者
杨冬富
希从芳
何江琦
陈兴志
何丽
朱秋会
李建宾
YANG Dongfu;XI Congfang;HE Jiangqi;CHEN Xingzhi;HE Li;ZHU Qiuhui;LI Jianbin(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Academic Affairs Office,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期148-158,共11页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32460482)。
关键词
青贮玉米
适应性
收割时间
产量
品质
silage maize
adaptability
harvesting time
yield
quality
