摘要
日本发动对外侵略战争时期,为遂行战争而在举国一致的战时体制下实施国家总动员,开展了长期、广泛且彻底的国民动员。日本统治集团主要是以自上而下的强制手段,通过组织动员、劳务动员、思想动员、日常生活动员等方式,将国民捆绑在侵略战争的战车上。日本的国民动员随着战争的酝酿、爆发、扩大表现出不同的阶段性特征,呈现出一步步强化的过程以及最终崩溃的结局。战争末期,日本统治集团甚至不惜将女性和青少年学生投入战争当中充当炮灰,上演了战争的悲剧。日本国民不仅是那场战争的受害者,也是侵略战争的参与者与协助者,负有不可推卸的战争加害责任。战后,由于国家和政府对战争责任的掩盖与逃避,以及国民战争体验的惨痛及战后的悲情书写,导致至今日本国家和国民的战争责任没有得到彻底、全面的清算和追究。战后80年之际进一步审视这一历史与现实密切关联的课题,更有深刻的意义。
During the period of external aggressive war,Japan implemented a general national mobilization under the unified wartime system,carried out a long-term,extensive,and thorough national mobilization.By the way of organizational mobilization,labor mobilization,ideological mobilization,and daily life mobilization,the Japanese ruling group mainly used topdown coercive measures to tie their citizens to the chariot of the aggressive war.As the war brewed,broke out and expanded,this national mobilization strengthened gradually and collapsed eventually,showing different stage characteristics.Towards the end of the war,even the women and teenage students were sent into the battlefield and became cannon fodder,this fully reflected the tragedy of war.However,Japanese citizens were not only victims of the aggressive war,but also participants and assistants,and they bear an unavoidable responsibility for the war harms and damages.While until today,due to the state and government’s concealment and evasion,the citizens’painful experience during the war,the tragic writings of the postwar era,war responsibility of the Japanese state and citizens has not been settled and investigated thoroughly and comprehensively.Now,eighty years after the war,it is more significant to examine this issue,which is closely linked to history as well as reality.
作者
曹亚坤
宋志勇
Cao Yakun;Song Zhiyong
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“侵华时期日本青年学生战争动员研究”(项目编号:23CSS026)阶段性成果之一。
关键词
国民动员
总体战
精神动员
女性动员
学生兵
National Mobilization
Total War
Spiritual Mobilization
Women Mobilization
Student Soldiers
