摘要
【目的】筛选有利于金叶银杏和绿叶银杏生长生理和黄酮积累的最佳光照强度,提升银杏的经济价值和药用价值,为银杏苗木的优质高效培育工作提供科学的参考依据。【方法】以6年生半同胞金叶银杏的金叶银杏子代与绿叶银杏子代盆栽实生苗为对象,分别设置70%自然光照、50%自然光照、30%自然光照和全光照4种不同强度的光照处理。测定不同生长阶段不同处理下银杏叶片表型数据、光合色素、初生代谢物以及总黄酮质量比和其相关酶活性,并进行相关性和模糊隶属函数分析。【结果】1)随着光照强度降低,金叶银杏在70%自然光照处理下叶长增量相较于对照显著增加26.5%,50%自然光照处理下的叶宽、叶厚、叶面积增量和叶片干质量分别较对照显著增加58.2%、33.3%、74.5%,29.4%;绿叶银杏在50%自然光照处理下叶片干质量相较于对照显著增加10.8%。2)相同处理下,绿叶银杏的叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素质量比高于金叶银杏。在50%光照强度下金叶和绿叶银杏叶绿素总量(金叶银杏2.73 mg/g,绿叶银杏2.84 mg/g)均显著大于其他处理组(P<0.05)。3)光照减弱促进可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质量比提升。金叶银杏在70%自然光照处理下可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质量比显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);绿叶银杏可溶性蛋白质量比在封顶期70%自然光照处理下达到峰值,但在缓慢生长期50%自然光照处理下最高,均显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。2种银杏的总黄酮、黄酮醇质量比及苯丙烷代谢酶活性,均随光照强度降低先升后降;相较于其他处理组,70%自然光照处理下效果最佳,显著大于对照处理(P<0.05)。4)模糊隶属函数法综合评价显示,金叶银杏在70%和50%光照强度、绿叶银杏在70%光照强度处理下银杏植株的隶属度均值较高,叶片黄酮药用价值最佳。综上所述,银杏幼苗通过调节自身生长特性、光合色素、次生代谢物质及相关代谢酶活性来适应不同光照条件。【结论】金叶银杏在70%和50%光照强度,绿叶银杏在70%光照强度下,均显著提高了叶片内总黄酮以及黄酮醇质量比,最有利于提升银杏叶片药用价值。
【Objective】Select the optimal light intensity conducive to the growth physiology and flavonoid accumulation of golden ginkgo and green ginkgo,thereby enhancing the economic and medicinal value of Ginkgo biloba,and providing a scientific reference basis for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of Ginkgo biloba seedlings.【Method】Using 6-year-old semi-siblings of golden ginkgo and green ginkgo potted seedlings as subjects,four light intensity treatments were established:70%natural light,50%natural light,30%natural light,and full light.Phenotypic data of leaves,photosynthetic pigments,primary metabolites,flavonoids,and related enzyme activities were measured at different growth stages under each treatment,correlation analysis and fuzzy membership function analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationships between these parameters.【Result】1)As light intensity decreased,the leaf length increment of golden ginkgo under 70%natural light treatment significantly increased by 26.5%compared to the control,while its leaf width,thickness,area increment,and leaf dry mass under 50%natural light treatment significantly increased by 58.2%,33.3%,74.5%,and 29.4%,respectively.The leaf dry mass of green ginkgo under 50%natural light treatment significantly increased by 10.8%compared to the control.2)Under the same treatment,the total chlorophyll content and carotenoid ratio of green ginkgo were higher than those of golden ginkgo.At 50%light intensity,the total chlorophyll content of both golden ginkgo(2.73 mg/g)and green ginkgo(2.84 mg/g)was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups(P<0.05).3)Reduced light intensity promoted an increase in the soluble sugar-to-protein ratio.The soluble sugar-to-soluble protein ratio of golden ginkgo under 70%natural light treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups(P<0.05).The soluble protein ratio of green ginkgo peaked under 70%natural light treatment during the topping stage but was highest under 50%natural light treatment during the slow growth stage,both being significantly higher than other treatment groups(P<0.05).The total flavonoid and flavonol ratios,as well as phenylpropanoid metabolic enzyme activity of both G.biloba varieties,initially increased and then decreased with decreasing light intensity.Compared to other treatment groups,the 70%natural light treatment showed the best effect,with values significantly higher than the control(P<0.05).4)Comprehensive evaluation using the fuzzy membership function method indicated that golden ginkgo under 70%and 50%light intensity,as well as green ginkgo under 70%light intensity,exhibited higher mean membership values,suggesting optimal flavonoid medicinal value in their leaves.In summary,G.biloba seedlings adapted to varying light conditions by regulating their growth characteristics,photosynthetic pigments,secondary metabolites,and related metabolic enzyme activities.【Conclusion】Both golden ginkgo and green ginkgo significantly increased total flavonoid content and flavonol mass ratio in leaves under 70%and 50%light intensity respectively,with the 70%light intensity treatment being most effective in enhancing medicinal value.
作者
刘家谊
徐意
王改萍
翟金庭
魏志辉
徐志标
LIU Jiayi;XU Yi;WANG Gaiping;ZHAI Jinting;WEI Zhihui;XU Zhibiao(Forestry and Grass College,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Soil and Water Conservation College,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Yancheng Forest Farm,Yancheng 224057,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期82-93,共12页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31971689)
江苏省科技计划(资金)项目(BE2021367)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)。
关键词
银杏
光照强度
生长生理
次生代谢
黄酮积累
Ginkgo biloba
light intensity
growth physiology
secondary metabolism
flavonoid accumulation
