摘要
本文探讨《黄帝内经》中十二经水所指及其空间分布特征。其中的海水和湖水泛指面状水体,其余十条经水皆为线状河流,分别为黄河及其支流和分流、长江与淮河及其支流,这些河流皆分布在今长江以北、海河以南的江淮地区和华北平原。《黄帝内经》中的黄河系有史记载以来最古老的黄河河道,后世流传的《黄帝内经》中的渑水实沔水之误,指汉水;清水应为泾水。手三阴经和手三阳经皆对应东西向河流,河流分布位置总体反映了时人北阴南阳的认知。足三阴三阳经除了湖水和海水外,其对应的四条经水分别为长江支流沔水(汉水)、淮河支流汝水、渭河及渭河支流泾水,这些支流的分布主要呈西北东南向,且与北阴南阳的认知正好相反。由十二条经水的辨析可以在一定程度上破解前人有关《灵枢经》成书年代较晚的疑惑。经水对应经脉的理念源于古代天人同类同构的思想,体现时人对于天人合一的认知,采取取象比类的方法,是一种机械的对应。
The Huangdi Nejing(Inner Canon of Huangdi)is one of the earliest surviving classical works of Chinese medicine.This paper presents a textual criticism of the names and spatial distribution of the natural water bodies recorded in Huangdi Nejing as the twelve Jingshui(Meridians of Water).It argues that Hushui and Haishui refer to water bodies with polygonal shapes,while the other ten Jingshui correspond to different rivers in linear shape.Hu means lake and Hai means sea,both referring to unspecified bodies of water.The remaining Jingshui correspond to well-known rivers including the Yellow River,the Yangtze River,the Huai River and their tributaries,all flowing within the Jianghuai region and the North China Plain-north of today's Yangtze River and south of the Hai River.Based on the spatial relationship between the Yellow River and the Zhang River,it is deduced that the Yellow River mentioned in the Huangdi Nejing refers to the earliest recorded course of the Yellow River in Chinese historical literature.It also argues that the Mianshui in the current version of the Huangdi nejing has been mistaken for Mianshui,which is another name for the Hanshui,and that Qingshui should actually refer to Jingshui.The three yin meridians and three yang meridians of the hand correspond to rivers running east-west,and the spatial distribution of the rivers reflects the traditional perception of yin in the north and yang in the south held by the people of the time.However,with exception of the Hushui and Haishui,the three yin and yang meridians of the foot correspond to the Mianshui(Hanshui),a tributary of the Yangtze River,the Rushui,a tributary of the Huaihe River,and the Jingliu,a tributary of the Weihe River.The flow directions of these tributaries are mainly northwest-southeast,which is contrary to the previous perception of north-yin and south-yang of the hand meridians.The concept of meridian waters corresponding to the bodily meridians originates from the ancient belief that heaven and man are of the same kind and the same structure.The use of analogy and comparison reflects a kind of mechanical correlation and represents an early conceptualization of the unity between the heaven and humanity.
作者
石雪芹
韩昭庆
Shi Xueqin;Han Zhaoqing(History Department of School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Center for Historical Geography Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期90-102,共13页
Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清华北核心区生态环境变迁与经济发展研究”(项目批准号:22&ZD224)的阶段性成果
关键词
黄帝内经
十二经水
十二经脉
沔水
泾水
Huangdi Nejing
twelve Jingshui
twelve meridians
Mianshui
Jiangshui
