摘要
发展氢燃料电池客车(HFCC)是解决能源安全、空气污染等环境与社会挑战的理想方法之一.为量化研究HFCC的全生命周期环境效应,基于全生命周期评价(LCA)方法,构建了氢燃料电池客车全生命周期材料消耗、化石能源消耗、碳排放和污染物排放评价模型,并对关键影响因素进行了不确定性分析,确定了不同的燃料电池衰退情景、不同电力结构和不同氢能路径对环境的影响.结果表明,在原材料获取阶段,HFCC的材料资源消耗量所占比例最大.在运行使用阶段,化石能源消耗较大,碳排放和污染物排放占比高,其原因在于HFCC在其生命周期内对氢能的大量消耗,以及氢气制取过程中能耗较高.通过光伏电解水制氢,其能耗和碳排放得到显著降低.在模拟燃料电池衰退场景下,当氢能消耗量上升13.9%时,基于光伏电解水的HFCC的全生命周期能耗增长了12.05%,碳排放增加了9.21%.基于光伏电解水制氢匹配管道运输方式可优化氢能路径提高环境效应,HFCC的生命周期能耗和碳排放最低.基于可再生能源制氢的HFCC展现出显著的节能减排潜力,结合管道运输方式可最大限度减少能耗和碳排放.
The development of hydrogen fuel cell coach(HFCC)presents an ideal solution to address challenges such as energy security and air pollution.To quantify the life-cycle environmental impacts of HFCCs,a comprehensive evaluation model was established based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology.This model assesses material resource consumption,fossil energy consumption,carbon emissions,and pollutant emissions throughout the HFCC lifecycle,incorporating uncertainty analysis of key influencing factors.The study investigates the environmental impacts under various scenarios,including different fuel cell degradation scenarios,electricity structures,and hydrogen pathways.The results indicate that the material resource consumption was highest during the raw material acquisition phase.During the operation and use stage,the consumption of fossil energy,carbon emissions,and pollutant emissions accounted for the largest proportion,mainly due to the large consumption of hydrogen energy by HFCCs during their lifespan and the high energy consumption in the hydrogen production process.Through photovoltaic electrolysis of water for hydrogen production technology,the energy consumption and carbon emissions of HFCCs could be significantly reduced throughout its entire lifecycle.Under a simulated fuel cell degradation scenario in which hydrogen consumption increased by 13.9%,the life cycle energy consumption of HFCCs based on photovoltaic electrolysis water increased by 12.05%,and carbon emissions increased by 9.21%.Optimizing the hydrogen path can improve environmental effects.When photovoltaic electrolysis water for hydrogen production was matched with pipeline transportation of hydrogen,the life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions of HFCCs were the lowest.Therefore,HFCCs based on hydrogen production from renewable energy sources showed significant potential for energy saving and emission reduction in the future.In contrast,HFCCs relying on mixed power electrolysis for hydrogen production was relatively weak in terms of energy saving and emission reduction.At the same time,it is recommended to use pipeline hydrogen transportation as the main transportation mode.
作者
王泽琳
司嘉琨
刘青山
WANG Ze-lin;SI Jia-kun;LIU Qing-shan(School of Marxism,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;School of Automobile,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710018,China)
出处
《环境科学》
北大核心
2025年第9期5595-5607,共13页
Environmental Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(24CKS035)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFEO192900)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(300102223206)
