摘要
生态友好型的人工湿地技术在我国生态环境治理领域发展迅速,然而其在实际工程应用情况虽备受关注但尚不清晰。通过文献调研及分析发现,我国人工湿地工程建设自2003年开始增速,2008—2014年是高速建设阶段。从地域分布来看,东部地区的人工湿地工程数量明显多于西北部地区。在应用场景方面,人工湿地工程应用最多的是废水处理(45.1%),其次是旁路净化(26.2%)和尾水深度处理(20.4%),面源污染治理(7.5%)和生态修复(0.9%)最少。人工湿地技术理论上适用于处理各种来源的污水,但不同应用场景下仍存在明显的技术选择偏好。超过50.5%的尾水深度处理工程采用了潜表组合技术,废水处理对潜流技术(66.6%)的应用远超其他技术,而面源污染治理和旁路净化对人工湿地技术偏好并不明显。就工程投资而言,尾水深度处理的投资最多,废水处理的投资最少。而由于废水处理的建设规模一般较小的原因,吨水投资费用高于其他应用场景。此外,不同场景下的工程投资与建设规模均具有很好的正相关性。工程运行成本方面,废水处理、尾水深度处理、旁路净化和面源污染治理的中值分别为0.25、0.17、0.15、0.13元·(t·d)^(-1)。
The eco-friendly constructed wetland technology has developed rapidly in China’s ecological environment governance sector,yet its practical engineering applications remain unclear despite widespread attention.Through literature review and analysis,it was found that China’s constructed wetland projects began to accelerate in 2003,with 2008~2014 marking a phase of rapid expansion.Geographically,the number of constructed wetland projects in eastern regions significantly exceeds that in northwestern areas.In terms of application scenarios,wastewater treatment(45.1%)accounts for the largest share,followed by bypass purification(26.2%)and advanced tailwater treatment(20.4%),while non-point source pollution control(7.5%)and ecological restoration(0.9%)are the least common.Although constructed wetlands are theoretically suitable for treating wastewater from various sources,distinct technical preferences exist across different applications.Over 50.5%of advanced tailwater treatment projects adopt hybrid subsurface-surface flow systems,whereas wastewater treatment predominantly employs subsurface flow technology(66.6%)—far surpassing other methods.In contrast,non-point source pollution control and bypass purification show no clear preference for specific wetland technologies.Regarding engineering investment,advanced tailwater treatment requires the highest capital,while wastewater treatment demands the least.However,due to the generally smaller scale of wastewater treatment projects,their per-ton-water investment costs exceed those of other scenarios.Additionally,a strong positive correlation exists between project investment and scale across all applications.For operational costs,the median values for wastewater treatment,advanced tailwater treatment,bypass purification,and non-point source pollution control are 0.25,0.17,0.15,and 0.13 CNY·(t·d)^(-1),respectively.
作者
李庆
蔡然
王文亮
张功良
苗瑞鹏
刘苗苗
毛国柱
LI Qing;CAI Ran;WANG Wenliang;ZHANG Gongliang;MIAO Ruipeng;LIU Miaomiao;MAO Guozhu(Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment(Ministry of Education),Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China)
出处
《环境工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1759-1768,共10页
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering
关键词
人工湿地工程
应用场景
技术应用
投资与应用
文献分析
constructed wetland projects
application scenarios
technology implementation
investment and applications
literature analysis
