摘要
为研究高速公路特长隧道出口松懈效应对交通安全的影响,开展了实车试验,采集驾驶人在特长隧道出口行驶时的光环境、车速、驾驶人瞳孔面积与注意力分布数据,探究松懈效应发生规律;搭建了多组对照场景开展驾驶模拟试验,探究松懈效应在后隧道段的滞后影响,进一步分析了松懈效应的影响范围与危害。研究结果表明:隧道出口照度骤增,瞳孔面积快速变化,发生白洞效应;在隧道出口光环境剧烈变化的同时,发现存在驾驶人注意力降低、车速增长的反常现象,验证了特长隧道出口松懈效应;松懈效应与白洞效应耦合,驾驶人注意力和车速异常,并与驾驶人视觉障碍共同发生,对行车安全造成威胁;在隧道出口后的驶离段与后隧道段,驾驶人仍受到松懈效应的显著影响,相较于普通道路,后隧道段的驾驶人注意力减小了4.2%~9.0%,驾驶人反应迟缓,对车辆的操控能力下降;隧道出口衔接弯道、纵坡等复杂线形还会放大松懈效应的危害,松懈效应使得进弯道前的减速位置滞后了80 m、过弯道平均车速增长了5.7 km·h^(-1),进弯道前的变轨位置滞后了50 m、过弯道平均偏移增长了7.1 cm,且导致进纵坡后的加速距离延后了35 m、过纵坡平均车速增长了7.0 km·h^(-1)。
To study the influence of the slack effect at the exit of extra-long highway tunnels on traffic safety,a vehicle test was carried out.Data on the luminous environment,vehicle speed,and pupil area and attention distribution of drivers were collected to explore the mechanism of the slack effect.Multiple control scenarios were set up to conduct driving simulation tests.The lag effect of the slack effect in the post-tunnel zone was discussed,and the influence distance and harm of slack effect were further analyzed.Analysis results show that,the illumination at the tunnel exit increases rapidly,the pupil area changes quickly,and the white hole effect occurs.While the luminous environment undergoes drastic changes,abnormal phenomena appear such as reduced driver attention and increased vehicle speed.The slack effect at the exit of an extra-long tunnel is thus verified.The slack effect is coupled with the white hole effect,which leads to abnormal driver attention and vehicle speed,along with visual disorder,posing a serious threat to driving safety.In the departure and the post-tunnel zones after the tunnel exit,drivers are still affected by the slack effect.Compared with ordinary roads,drivers in the post-tunnel zone have their attention reduced by 4.2%to 9.0%.Their reactions become slower,and ability to control vehicles decreases.The complex road alignment,such as curves and longitudinal slopes at the tunnel exit,can amplify the harm of the slack effect.Slack effect causes a delay of 80 m in the deceleration position before entering the curve,an increase of 5.7 km·h^(-1) in the average speed of passing through the curve,a delay of 50 m in the track change position before entering the curve,and an increase of 7.1 cm in the trajectory offset of passing through the curve.It also brings a delay of 35 m in the acceleration distance after entering the longitudinal slope and an increase of 7.0 km·h^(-1) in the average speed of passing through the longitudinal slope.
作者
杨永正
杜志刚
余亮
麦晶
YANG Yong-zheng;DU Zhi-gang;YU Liang;MAI Jing(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China;Engineering Research Center for Transportation Information and Security,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China;Guangdong Highway Construction Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510623,Guangdong,China;Foshan Fozhao Zhicheng Technology Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528099,Guangdong,China)
出处
《交通运输工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期380-392,共13页
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52072291)。
关键词
交通安全
驾驶行为
驾驶心理
松懈效应
隧道出口
traffic safety
driving behavior
driving psychology
slack effect
tunnel exit
