摘要
粉煤灰是火力燃煤发电厂产生的工业固体废弃物,大部分粉煤灰未经处理直接进行简单堆置,其中的有价元素特别是铝得不到有效利用。粉煤灰具有一定污染性,会对空气、土壤和地下水环境等造成严重影响。我国大部分产地的粉煤灰中富含铝资源(一部分高铝粉煤灰中氧化铝质量分数超过50%),其化学组分与铝土矿相似,特别是在当前错综复杂的国际形势下,高铝粉煤灰被当作铝土矿的替代品,在氧化铝工业可持续生产方面具有重要战略意义。本文综述了利用火法活化、湿法处理、亚熔盐法、碳氯法等工艺从粉煤灰中回收氧化铝的研究进展,并对目前对粉煤灰的资源化利用存在的问题进行分析,最后对未来粉煤灰回收氧化铝技术进行展望。
Coal fly ash is an industrial solid waste generated by coal-fired power plants.Most coal fly ash is directly subjected to simple stockpiling without proper treatment,leading to the ineffective utilization of valuable elements,especially aluminum.Coal fly ash has certain polluting properties and can cause severe impacts on the atmosphere,soil,groundwater environment,and so on.Coal fly ash from most producing areas in China is rich in aluminum resources(the mass fraction of alumina in some high-alumina fly ash exceeds 50%).Due to its chemical composition similar to that of bauxite,and particularly against the backdrop of the current intricate international situation,high-alumina fly ash is regarded as a substitute for bauxite,which holds significant strategic importance for the sustainable production of the alumina industry.In the paper,the research progress was reviewed in recovering alumina from coal fly ash by means of processes such as pyrometallurgical activation,hydrometallurgical treatment,sub-molten salt method,and carbon-chlorination method.The existing problems in the resource utilization of coal fly ash were analyzed.Finally,the future technologies for alumina recovery from coal fly ash,which can provide a reference for the resource utilization of coal fly ash were prospected.
作者
刘思遥
陈星宇
李江涛
刘旭恒
赵中伟
LIU Siyao;CHEN Xingyu;LI Jiangtao;LIU Xuheng;ZHAO Zhongwei(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第8期3089-3103,共15页
Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174339)。
关键词
粉煤灰
资源化利用
氧化铝
烧结
酸浸
coal fly ash
resource utilization
alumina
sintering
acid leaching
