摘要
特大城市因人口密度、GDP密度及城市化水平远高于其他城市,其暴雨洪涝灾害造成的生命和财产损失更为严重。在变化环境下科学、系统、全面地揭示特大城市洪涝灾害成因,对于完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、降低城市洪涝灾害损失具有至关重要的意义。本文以北京、济南和深圳3座典型特大城市为例,系统梳理了这些城市洪涝灾害特征,分析了气候条件、地理条件、降水变化等自然因素,以及产汇流特性变化、雨洪调蓄能力变化、排水格局、城市规划等人为因素对城市洪涝的影响,并从深化基础理论研究、构建预警预报平台、推进工程与非工程措施协同三方面提出特大城市暴雨洪涝灾害应对策略,可为变化环境下我国特大城市洪涝灾害防治工作提供科学依据。
Compared with other cities,the population density,GDP density and urbanization level of megacities are higher,and the life and property losses caused by urban flooding/waterlogging disasters are more serious.A scientific,systematic and comprehensive analysis of the causes of flooding/waterlogging disasters in megacities under the changing environment is critical for improving the urban flooding/waterlogging mitigation and disaster reduction system and reducing the losses caused by urban flooding/waterlogging disasters.Taking three typical megacities,including Beijing,Jinan and Shenzhen as examples,the characteristics of flooding/waterlogging disasters in these megacities were expounded,and the impacts of natural factors and anthropogenic factors on urban flooding/waterlogging were analyzed.The natural factors includes climate conditions,geographical conditions and precipitation changes,while the anthropogenic factors include runoff generation and concentration changes,stormwater regulation and storage capacity changes,drainage patterns and urban planning.The countermeasures for flooding/waterlogging disasters in megacities were proposed from three aspects,including deepening theoretical research,constructing forecasting platform and promoting the coordination of engineering and non-engineering measures,which can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of flooding/waterlogging disasters in megacities of China under changing environment.
作者
徐宗学
陈浩
任梅芳
XU Zongxue;CHEN Hao;REN Meifang(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,Beijing 100875,China;China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《水资源保护》
北大核心
2025年第5期33-40,51,共9页
Water Resources Protection
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52239003)。
关键词
气候变化
城市化
特大城市
洪涝灾害
成因分析
climate change
urbanization
megacities
flooding/waterlogging disasters
cause analysis
