摘要
【目的】提升竹集成材的雕刻装饰美观度、提高竹集成材激光雕刻的生产效率,解决因激光雕刻参数选择不当而引起的加工质量问题。【方法】以竹集成材为研究对象,构建激光雕刻有限元仿真模型,探究激光功率、切割速度和扫描精度对竹集成材雕刻表面的温度场与形貌变化的影响规律。同时,利用响应曲面法研究激光雕刻工艺参数对竹集成材的雕刻深度、表面色差和粗糙度的影响,验证有限元仿真模型的合理性并进行参数优化。【结果】激光功率主要影响雕刻表面的雕刻深度和表面色差,雕刻深度与表面色差均随着激光功率的增加而增加。切割速度对竹集成材的雕刻深度、表面色差和粗糙度均有显著影响,切割速度较小时,雕刻深度、表面色差和粗糙度都随着切割速度的增加而降低;切割速度较大时,表面色差随着切割速度的增加而降低,而雕刻深度与粗糙度的下降幅度逐渐缩小并趋于平衡。扫描精度主要影响雕刻深度与雕刻表面粗糙度,雕刻深度和垂直于竹集成材纤维方向的粗糙度(⊥R_(a))均随着扫描精度的增加而增加,而平行于竹集成材纤维方向的粗糙度(∥R_(a))呈现先减小后增大的趋势。经参数优化,激光功率设置为15.6~20.8 W、切割速度为196~300 mm·s^(-1)、扫描精度为200~368 dpi时,雕刻表面2个方向的粗糙度均小于25 μm,同时可兼顾雕刻深度和颜色效果的需求。【结论】有限元仿真模型能够准确模拟激光雕刻过程中竹集成材表面温度场与形貌变化;响应曲面模型具有较高的拟合优度,可用于预测激光雕刻竹集成材的雕刻深度、表面色差和粗糙度变化。
【Objective】In order to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the carved decoration of bamboo laminated wood,improve the production efficiency of laser engraving on laminated bamboo lumber,and solve the processing quality problems caused by improper selection of laser engraving parameters.【Method】Laminated bamboo lumber was used as research subject,a finite element simulation model of laser engraving was established to explore the temperature field and morphology changes of the carved surface of laminated bamboo lumber affected by laser power,cutting speed and scanning accuracy.At the same time,the effect of laser engraving process parameters on the engraving depth,surface color difference and roughness of laminated bamboo lumber was analyzed by response surface method,in order to verify the rationality of the finite element simulation model and parameter optimization.【Result】The results of simulation and response surface analysis showed that the laser power mainly affects the engraving depth and surface color difference of the engraving surface,and both engraving depth and surface color difference increase with increasing laser power.The cutting speed has a significant effect on the carving depth,surface color difference and roughness of laminated bamboo lumber.When the cutting speed is slow,the carving depth,surface color difference and roughness decrease with the increase of cutting speed.When the cutting speed is fast,the surface color difference continues to decrease with the increase of the cutting speed,while the depth and roughness of the engraved surface are gradually decreased and gradually tend to balance.The influence of scanning accuracy on the carved surface is mainly reflected in the changes of engraving depth and surface roughness.The engraving depth and roughness perpendicular to the direction of laminated bamboo lumber fiber⊥R_(a) both increase with the increase of scanning accuracy,while the roughness parallel to the direction of laminated bamboo lumber fiber(//R_(a))decreases first and then increases.Under the premise of satisfying the maximum cutting speed and the minimum surface roughness,four kinds of parameter optimization results are obtained.After parameter optimization,the laser power is set between 15.6-20.8 W,the cutting speed is between 196-300 mm·s^(-1),and the scanning accuracy is between 200-368 dpi.Under the corresponding parameters,the roughness of both directions of the carved surface are less than 25 um,and the engraving depth and color effect can be selected.【Conclusion】The constructed finite element simulation model effectively simulates the surface temperature field and morphology changes of bamboo laminated lumber during the laser engraving process.The response surface model has a high degree of fitting accuracy,making it suitable for predicting the engraving depth,surface color difference,and roughness variations in laser engraving laminated bamboo lumber.This study is of great significance for improving the decoration beauty of laminated bamboo lumber,and improving the production efficiency and application value of laser engraving.
作者
刘佳豪
任娜
李荣荣
LIU Jiahao;REN Na;LI Rongrong(College of Furnishings and Industrial Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期183-195,206,共14页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32201642)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX25-1486)。
关键词
激光雕刻
竹集成材
有限元
响应曲面
参数优化
laser engraving
laminated bamboo lumber
finite element
response surface
parameter optimization
