摘要
生活污水治理是中国农村人居环境整治中的薄弱环节。西北地区农业生产空间广阔、农业用水需求量大、农村经济发展水平较低,这些基本特征为“以用促治”的生活污水循环治理模式提供了天然的适用场景。然而,西北地区农村生活污水治理也面临着传统循环治理方式日益式微、集中处理设施配套条件不足、工程技术与空间布局关系脱节的现实困境。鉴于此,遵循自然水循环的“源—流—汇”逻辑,协调设施配置与人居空间的关系,提出了一套综合性的村庄水基础设施规划策略,包括三大关键措施:一是重建就地消纳、高效闭环的用排水循环系统;二是构建“层级消解式”循环空间单元、分解落实设施空间需求;三是加强工程与空间协同、提升治理技术的适用性。通过对典型案例村庄N村的实地应用,验证了上述策略的有效性,为西北地区农村生活污水循环治理及设施规划提供了科学指导与实践参考。研究在促进西北地区乃至全国范围内农村环境质量改善、推动绿色低碳转型方面具有重要的理论与实践价值。
In the broader context of rural human settlement environment improvement in China,the management of domestic sewage has always been a weak link.As the Chinese government increasingly focuses on rural environmental issues,the treatment of domestic sewage is gradually becoming a focal point for policy formulation and implementation.In recent years,the national level has introduced a number of policy documents aimed at promoting effective treatment and resource utilization of domestic sewage in rural areas.Local governments have actively responded and explored a series of suitable governance models according to the actual conditions of their respective regions.Overall,these models show the following trends:the concept of governance is gradually shifting from traditional end-of-pipe treatment to the value of“on-site reuse,"and policy standards are also more inclined towards a“cyclic governance”model.In terms of regional practice,the eastern regions,due to their higher level of economic development,are relatively advanced in their governance efforts.However,the northwest region,with its unique natural and socio-economic conditions,faces a series of challenges in the management of domestic sewage in rural areas.The northwest region has vast agricultural production spaces and a large demand for agricultural water,but the level of rural economic development is relatively low.These characteristics provide a natural setting that is suitable for the"treatment through use"model of domestic sewage cyclic governance.However,the gradual decline of traditional cyclic governance methods,the insufficiency of supporting conditions for centralized treatment facilities,and the disconnection between engineering technology and spatial layout all become real dilemmas that constrain the management of domestic sewage in rural areas of the northwest region.To address these issues,this study proposes a comprehensive planning strategy for rural water infrastructure.This strategy draws on the“sourceflow-sink”logic of the natural water cycle,aiming to coordinate the relationship between facility configuration and living space to achieve more efficient and sustainable sewage management.Specifically,the strategy includes three key measures:First,rebuild a local digestion and efficient closed-loop drainage and water cycle system.This means establishing a recycling system within the village that can achieve on-site treatment and reuse of sewage,thereby reducing the impact on the external environment and also providing necessary water resources for agricultural production.Second,construct a“hierarchical resolution”cyclic spatial unit to decompose and implement facility spatial requirements.This measure requires the establishment of different levels of cyclic spatial units in village planning according to the characteristics of sewage generation and treatment to ensure the rational layout and effective operation of sewage treatment facilities.Finally,strengthen the coordination between projects and space to enhance the applicability of governance technology.This involves the close integration of engineering technology and village spatial layout,improving the efficiency and effectiveness of sewage treatment projects through technological innovation and spatial optimization.Through the practical application in the typical case village N,this study has verified the effectiveness of the aforementioned strategies.The practice in Village N has shown that adopting a bio-ecological composite green treatment system can not only improve the water environmental quality of the village and enhance the quality of life for residents but also bring economic and social benefits.The specific manifestations are:significantly reducing the construction and operation costs of the sewage treatment station,avoiding high expenditures for equipment updates;using the treated water and fertilizer for local courtyard planting and farmland irrigation,Village N's third group has saved about 13,870 m3 of irrigation water annually and brought economic returns;compared with the traditional engineered model,the ecological treatment method can greatly reduce carbon emissions,with a reduction ratio as high as 60%;the on-site recycling management plan integrates local wisdom,increases the participation of community members,and ensures the continuous effectiveness of the management measures.Overall,this study provides scientific guidance and practical reference for the cyclic treatment of domestic sewage and facility planning in rural areas across the northwest region and even the whole country.It has significant theoretical and practical value in promoting the improvement of rural environmental quality and promoting green and low-carbon transformation.It not only provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of domestic sewage in rural areas but also provides strong support for the sustainable development of rural areas and the construction of ecological civilization.With the further promotion and application of these strategies,it is expected to achieve broader environmental,social,and economic benefits in the future.
作者
黄梅
于洋
段德罡
乔杰
HUANG Mei;YU Yang;DUAN Degang;QIAO Jie
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
北大核心
2025年第4期107-114,共8页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2025NC-YBXM-323)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目(2023-JC-QN-0420)。
关键词
农村生活污水
循环治理
循环空间单元
水基础设施规划
西北地区
rural domestic wastewater
circular treatment and management
cyclical spatial units
water infrastructure planning
Northwest China
