摘要
目的分析2004—2023年阳泉市突发公共卫生事件发生规律和特征,为有效预防和控制突发公共卫生事件的发生和发展提供科学依据。方法查询2004—2023年阳泉市报告的突发公共卫生事件,采用描述性流行病学方法对相关资料进行统计学分析,对职业性与非职业性一氧碳中毒病死率、食物中毒与化学性中毒的病死率以及乙类、丙类和其他类传染病病死率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果阳泉市2004—2023年突发公共卫生事件共报告4161起,报告发病8249例,罹患率为7.82%,死亡164例,病死率为1.99%。2004—2019年突发公共卫生事件罹患率呈上升趋势[年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)=8.56%,P=0.01],2019—2023年突发公共卫生事件罹患率呈下降趋势(APC=-15.82%,P=0.56),2004—2023年突发公共卫生事件病死率基本平稳(APC=-5.75%,P=0.06)。突发公共卫生事件中各类型占比和死亡病例占比方面,非职业性一氧化碳中毒占比及其死亡病例占比均最高,分别为96.06%和82.32%。其次为传染病事件,占比分别为3.27%和7.93%,学校是突发传染病事件发生的重要场所。手足口病、流行性感冒、水痘为突发公共卫生事件的高发病种。结论阳泉市突发公共卫生事件防控应聚焦非职业性一氧化碳中毒防治、学校及托幼机构传染病防控,重点防范手足口病和水痘疫情,通过完善监测预警与应急响应体系,提升防控能力。
Objective To investigate the patterns and characteristics of emergency public health events in Yangquan from 2004 to 2023,and to establish a scientific foundation for effective prevention and control of the occurrence and development of public health emergencies.Methods Data on reported emergency public health events in Yangquan City from 2004 to 2023 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Chi-square tests were conducted to compare fatality rates between occupational and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning,foodborne and chemical poisoning,and Category B,Category C,and other infectious diseases.Results A total of 4161 emergency public health events were reported in Yangquan from 2004 to 2023,involving 8249 cases,with an attack rate of 7.82%.There were 164 deaths,resulting in a case fatality rate of 1.99%.The attack rate of emergency public health events exhibited an upward trend from 2004 to 2019[annual percent change(APC)=8.56%,P=0.01],followed by a decline from 2019 to 2023(APC=-15.82%,P=0.56).The overall fatality rate remained stable throughout the study period(APC=-5.75%,P=0.06).Among different types of public health emergencies,non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning accounted for the highest percentage of cases(96.06%)and fatalities(82.32%).Infectious disease events ranked second,the percentage of 3.27%of cases and 7.93%of fatalities.Schools were identified as key locations for infectious disease transmission,with hand-foot-and-mouth disease,influenza,and varicella being the most frequently reported illnesses.Conclusion Efforts to prevent and control public health emergencies in Yangquan should prioritize the prevention of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning and the control of infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions.Special attention should be given to mitigating epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and varicella.Strengthening surveillance,early warning systems,and emergency response mechanisms inorder to enhance prevention and control capabilities.
作者
孙珊珊
陈曙光
王智庆
王花
李海清
李宏岩
SUN Shanshan;CHEN Shuguang;WANG Zhiqing;WANG Hua;LI Haiqing;LI Hongyan(Emergency Department,Yangquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yangquan,Shanxi 045000,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2025年第9期867-872,878,共7页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
山西省社会科学院(山西省人民政府发展研究中心)2022年度一般课题《资源型地区经济高质量转型发展研究——以阳泉市为例》(YWYB202215)。
