摘要
《大学》后半部分论“所谓平天下在治其国者”,从“德者本也,财者末也”引申出“生财有大道”,并特别强调“国不以利为利,以义为利”。朱熹对此作出了深入解读,强调“财者人之所同欲”,反对“争民施夺”以聚敛财富;强调财富来源于民众的农业生产劳动,主张散财于民。在此基础上,朱熹进一步诠释了《孟子》“王何必曰利?亦有仁义而已矣”,既明确提出“君子未尝不欲利”“仁义未尝不利”,强调义与利的相互联系,认为义并非排斥利,又指出“以利为心则有害”,反对唯利是求,强调“不求利而自无不利”,避免“求利未得而害已随之”,从而形成了较以往更为丰富、更为深刻的义利观。
The latter half of the Da Xue discusses“governing the state to bring peace to the world”.Starting from the principle that“virtue is the root,wealth is the branch”,which prioritizes virtue over wealth,it extends to“the Great Dao of Generating Wealth”.It particularly emphasizes that“a state should not regard material gain as its true benefit but righteousness as its benefit”.Zhu Xi not only provided an in-depth interpretation of this,but also emphasized that wealth originates from agricultural labor and advocated distributing wealth to benefit the people.Building on this,Zhu Xi further applied these principles to interpret Mencius“Why should the Kingsay benefit?Let there be benevolence and righteousness,and that is all”.In his exegesis,Zhu Xi explicitly stated that“the noble person does not reject benefit”and“benevolence and righteousness dont exclude benefit”,highlighting their interdependence rather than mutual exclusion.He argued that“having a profit-seeking mind is harmful”and opposed the exclusive pursuit of profit,aiming to achieve“benefit naturally arising without seeking it”and avoid“failing to gain profit while incurring self-harm”.Through this,Zhu Xi developed a richer and more profound view of the relationship between righteousness and benefit than previous scholars.
出处
《文史哲》
北大核心
2025年第4期93-101,167,共10页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
