摘要
水利枢纽建设导致河流连通性受损,威胁水生生物生存,鱼道是恢复河流生态连通性的重要手段,主要分为工程型鱼道和仿生态鱼道。通过对比分析两类鱼道的基本形式,从建筑材料、构造特征、环境适应性、水流流态及过鱼效果等方面揭示其表观差异,并基于国内外案例数据,定量研究关键设计参数(坡度、提升高度、水深、宽度、宽深比、流速)的差异;结合伊泰普水利枢纽案例,总结仿生态鱼道关键参数取值范围。结果表明:仿生态鱼道以天然材料为主,构造粗糙,水流多样性强,适用于多鱼类洄游,其底坡缓于120,提升高度多低于10 m,宽深比大于4,水深较浅(多小于1 m);工程型鱼道以钢筋混凝土为材料,结构规则,适用于特定鱼类,坡度多大于120,提升高度10~60 m,宽深比小于2。
The construction of water conservancy projects impairs river connectivity,threatening aquatic organisms.Fishways are crucial for restoring river ecological connectivity,mainly divided into engineering fishways and nature-like fishways.This paper compares the basic types of the two fishways,revealing their apparent differences in construction materials,structural characteristics,environmental adaptability,flow patterns,and fish-passing effects.According to the domestic and foreign case data,this paper quantitatively analyzes differences in key design parameters(slope,elevation height,water depth,width,width-depth ratio,velocity).On the basis of the Itaipu Hydropower Station case,this paper summarizes the range of key parameters for nature-like fishways.The results show that nature-like fishways,using natural materials with rough structures and diverse flows,are suitable for multi-species fish migration,with slope gentler than 120,elevation height mostly below 10m,width-depth ratio over 4,and shallow water depth(mostly less than 1 m).Engineering fishways,made of reinforced concrete with regular structures,are suitable for specific fish,with slope mostly steeper than 120,elevation height of 10-60 m,and width-depth ratio less than 2.
作者
李恒
LI Heng(Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Ecological Environment and Water Bureau,Nanjing 210031,China)
出处
《水运工程》
2025年第9期205-211,共7页
Port & Waterway Engineering
关键词
仿生态鱼道
工程型鱼道
直观差异
设计要素对比
nature-like fishway
engineering fishway
apparent difference
main design parameters difference
