摘要
两次雅克萨之战期间,分隶布特哈打牲部落及黑龙江驻防八旗的索伦、达翰尔人积极应役参战,发挥过重要作用。康熙十九年(1680年),清廷差员赴雅克萨与沙俄交涉,布特哈所属两族贡貂牲丁负责护送,并顺带刺探敌情。第一次雅克萨之战筹备、实施过程中,两族牲丁不仅在开通驿路、供应军需、向导接应、侦察捕俘等方面协助清军,更有五百达翰尔人编旗披甲,直接参加康熙二十四年(1685年)五月的攻城战。沙俄重占雅克萨的情报也是三赴其地侦察的两族官兵、牲丁所获。康熙二十五年(1686年)五月至次年八月的第二次雅克萨之战,达翰尔官兵参加了艰苦的围城战,两族牲丁亦宣力后勤。中俄划界谈判前后,凡监视残敌、扈从使团、勘订边界等行动亦均有两族人员与事。
During the Battle of Yaksa,Solon and Daur people who belonged to the Butha hunting tribe or Eight Banner garrison of Heilongjiang actively participated in the war and played an important role.In the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi,when the Qing court sent envoys to Yaksa for negotiation,marten tribute payers of these two ethnic groups under the Butha were responsible for escorting them as well as spying on enemy's situation.Before and after the First Battle of Yaksa,hunters of these two ethnic groups assisted the Qing army in opening post roads,supplying the troops,acting as guides,scouting and capturing enemy for intelligence,500 Daur people among them were even recruited in Eight Banner garrison of Heilongjiang and participating in the siege in May of the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi directly.The intelligence which Yaksa was occupied by Russian again also obtained by soldiers and hunters of them.In the Second Battle of Yaksa from May of the 25th year of the Kangxi reign to August of the following year,Daur soldiers participated in the difficult siege,meanwhile hunters of these two ethnic groups still served at logistical support.During the period of boundary negotiation,staffs from these two ethnic groups also took part in many operations such as surveillance on remnants of enemy forces,escorting diplomatic corps of Qing Court,surveying newly established China-Russia border and so forth.
作者
金鑫
JIN Xin(History and Tourism Culture School,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot O10030,China)
出处
《满语研究》
2025年第1期118-128,共11页
Manchu Studies
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(项目编号:19BZS131)。
