摘要
目的调查新疆沙湾市布鲁菌病的流行情况,为该地区的疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2023-2024年新疆沙湾市人民医院感染科就诊的480例布鲁菌病患者临床信息,对其进行回顾性分析,聚焦于流行病学特征、临床症状和行为风险因素。结果沙湾市布鲁菌病疫情呈现显著的人群聚集性,确诊病例男性占比高于女性(χ^(2)=24.42,P<0.001),以农牧民为主(94.58%),40~<60岁中青年为主要发病群体(61.67%)。危险行为分析显示,确诊患者有生食肉制品习惯(χ^(2)=39.04,P<0.001),接触动物时采取防护措施(χ^(2)=13.58,P<0.001),但知识知晓率与疾病预防行为不一致。疑似病例随访结果显示,初诊后1个月内复查确诊率达80.00%,显著高于3个月后复查率(21.88%)。结论新疆沙湾市布鲁菌病的流行与职业暴露、防护措施不足以及高风险饮食习惯密切相关。建议加强针对农民和牧民的保护行为干预措施,建立季节性预警机制,实施暴露后的“1+3”复查方案,将动物端干预作为防控体系的重点,以实现人畜共患病的有效控制。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in Shawan city,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,and provide a scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control measures in the region.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on brucellosis patients who visited the Infectious Diseases Department of Shawan People's Hospital in Xinjiang from 2023 to 2024.This analysis focused on their epidemiological characteristics,clinical symptoms,and behavioral risk factors.Results The epidemiological analysis of brucellosis in Shawan city revealed significant population clustering.The proportion of confirmed cases among males was significantly higher than that among females(χ^(2)=24.42,P<0.001).Farmers and herders constituted 94.58% of the confirmed cases,with individuals aged 40-<60 years old representing the primary affected group(61.67%).Risk behavior analysis indicated that confirmed patients frequently consumed raw meat products(χ^(2)=39.04,P<0.001)and inadequately implemented protective measures when interacting with animals(χ^(2)=13.58,P<0.001),but the awareness level of knowledge was not aligned with disease prevention behaviors.Follow-up assessments of suspected cases revealed that the diagnosis confirmation rate within one-month postinitial consultation(80.00%)was significantly higher than that of cases reviewed after three months(21.88%).Conclusions The prevalence of brucellosis in Shawan city,Xinjiang was closely related to occupational exposure,inadequate protective measures,and high-risk dietary habits.Protective behavioral intervention measures for farmers and herders should be strengthened;seasonal early warning mechanism should be established;"1+3"review plan afer exposure should be implemented,and should focus on animal-side intervention as the focus of the prevention and control system to achieve effective control of zoonotic diseases.
作者
王玲玲
早克然·阿力肯
王旭鸿
李智伟
王倩
卢佩佩
范慧
WANG Lingling;ZAOKERAN·Aliken;WANG Xuhong;LI Zhiwei;WANG Qian;LU Peipei;FAN Hui(Clinical Laboratory Center,People's Hospital of Xinjang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shawan People's Hospital,Shawan,Xinjiang 832100,China)
出处
《热带医学杂志》
2025年第7期978-981,991,共5页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2024D01C86)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(2022D01E30)
天山英才培养计划项目(2022TSYCCX0102)
自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划)(2022E02118)
新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院院内项目(20240203)。
关键词
布鲁菌病
流行病学
行为关系
Brucellosis
Epidemiology
Behavioral relationship
