摘要
为扭转学生基础能力下降、教育公平问题凸显的趋势,提高德国教育体系的效率,打破社会出身与学业成就的强关联性,德国联邦教育和研究部于2024年正式启动“起步机会”计划。引入高质量设备和现代化基础设施,营造良好的学习环境;投入学校和教学发展所需资金,加强学校自主权;强化教师队伍建设,组建跨学科的专业团队;实施科学监测和评估,提高计划质量保障。该计划响应德国当前教育发展的现实需求,体现出政府致力于解决教育公平的决心,但仍然面临计划资金的分配模式不合理、资金申请的行政主义障碍、学校教师数量短缺、计划的可持续性难以延续等挑战,改革成效有待进一步跟踪和观察。
In order to reverse the trend of decline in basic skills and equity in education,to improve the efficiency of the German education system and to break the strong correlation between social origin and academic achievement,the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research launched the"Start Opportunities"program in 2024.The program introduces high-quality equipment and modern infrastructure,creates a favorable learning environment,invests the funds needed for school and teaching development,strengthens school autonomy,reinforces the teacher training,forms a multi-professional team,implements scientific monitoring and evaluation,improves the quality assurance of the program.It responds to the current needs of education in Germany and reflects the government's commitment to addressing educational equity,but still faces challenges such as irrational allocation of program funds,administrative barriers to applying for funds,shortage of teachers in schools,and difficulties in the sustainability of the program,and the effectiveness of the reform needs to be further tracked and observed.
作者
张兆诚
ZHANG Zhaocheng(School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631)
出处
《比较教育研究》
北大核心
2025年第8期71-79,共9页
International and Comparative Education
基金
2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心重大课题“高等教育分类与转型研究”(项目编号:22JJD880035)。
关键词
德国
教育公平
起步机会
弱势学生
Germany
educational equity
start opportunities
disadvantaged students
