摘要
传统观点一般认为,“土木之变”后孙太后任命郕王朱祁钰为监国,是为主流型“郕王监国说”。此外明代文献中还有一种非主流型“郕王监国说”,即英宗亲征瓦剌前以郕王监国。然而细心爬梳原始文献便可发现两者均不能成立。按照明朝官方定制,监国由皇储专任。孙太后或英宗既未颁布过命郕王监国的诏令,更无立其为皇储的主观意愿。明代士大夫普遍接受主流型“郕王监国说”,一方面是因为中前期许多人笼统地将留守京师的皇族成员一律称为监国,但更重要的原因则是希望以此掩盖郕王通过宫廷政变上台的历史本相,树立其即位的政治合法性。从结果来看,明人无疑达成了既定目标。
Conventional scholarship asserts that after the Tumu Crisis(1449),Grand Empress Sun appointed Prince Zhu Qiyu as regenta view known as the mainstream"Prince Cheng as Regent"theory.Ming documents also preserve a minority view claiming the prince was appointed regent before Emperor Yingzong's campaign against the Oirats.Scrutinizing primary sources reveals both narratives untenable:Ming dynastic regulations stipulated that only the heir apparent could serve as regent.Neither the Empress-dowager Sun nor Ying zong emperor issued such edict,let alone the intention to designate him heir.Ming literati widely endorsed the mainstream theory partly because mid-Ming elites loosely labeled any imperial kinsman guarding the capital as"regent,"but more crucially to obscure Prince Cheng's seizure of power through a palace coup,thereby legitimizing his accession.Historically,this narrative engineering achieved its intended objective.
出处
《史志学刊》
2025年第4期12-20,共9页
Journal of History and Chorography
关键词
“郕王监国说”
孙太后
土木之变
明代士大夫
政治合法性
"Prince Cheng as Regent"Theory
Grand Empress Sun
Tumu crisis
Ming Literati
Political Legitimacy
