摘要
作为常见的园林害虫之一,白蚁阻碍了园林植物对水分和养分的吸收与传输,进而导致植株生长衰弱,严重影响了园林绿化的整体健康与可持续发展。本文对园林绿化中的白蚁生物学特征、危害特点及其对经济与生态的影响进行了系统分析,同时提出了以物理防治、生物防治和化学防治结合的综合治理策略。白蚁身体细长,腹部呈扁平状,口器适合咀嚼,常取食木材等植物性食物;其由工蚁、兵蚁、繁殖蚁等多种角色组成。园林植物的种类、树龄、健康状况均会影响白蚁的侵害程度,遭受白蚁侵蚀的木材内部结构被蛀空破坏,抗压强度大幅下降。白蚁对经济和生态均产生了一定的负面影响,白蚁侵蚀不仅加速了木材的腐朽损坏,更破坏了园林生态系统的自然平衡。采用物理防治、生物防治和化学防治相结合的综合治理策略,有利于降低白蚁的危害。物理防治方面,可通过温度调控、声波驱虫、光诱、障碍物防护等方式进行防治;生物防治方面,依赖天敌的引入和生物制剂的施用防治白蚁;化学防治方面,利用毒死蜱、拟除虫菊酯类和吡虫啉等防治白蚁。本文为系统治理白蚁、提升园林绿化质量提供参考。
As one of the common garden pests,termites hinder the absorption and transmission of water and nutrients by plants,which in turn leads to weak growth of plants and seriously affects the overall health and sustainable development of garden greening.The biological characteristics,damage features of termites in landscaping and their impacts on the economy and ecology were systematically analyzed.At the same time,an integrated management strategy that combines physical control,biological control and chemical control was proposed.Termites have slender bodies with flat abdomens.Their mouthparts are suitable for chewing and they are well-suited to feeding on plant-based foods such as wood.It is composed of various roles such as worker ants,soldiers and reproductive ants.The types,ages and health conditions of garden plants all affect the extent of termite infestation,and the internal structure of wood that had been eroded by termites was hollowed out and damaged,and its compressive strength dropped significantly.Termites have had certain negative impacts on both the economy and the ecology.Termite erosion not only accelerates the decay and damage of wood but also disrupts the natural balance of the garden ecosystem.Adopting a comprehensive management strategy that combines physical control,biological control and chemical control is conducive to reducing the damage caused by termites.In terms of physical control,termites can be controlled through methods such as temperature regulation,sound wave pest control,light attraction,and obstacle protection.In terms of biological control,termites are controlled by the introduction of natural enemies and the application of biological agents.In terms of chemical control,chlorpyrifos,pyrethroids and imidacloprid are used to control termites.This article provides a reference for the systematic management of termites and the improvement of the quality of landscaping.
作者
王贤强
WANG Xianqiang(Hefei Housing Safety Affairs Center,Hefei 230001,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第17期64-68,共5页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
关键词
园林绿化
白蚁
综合治理
生态环境
landscaping and greening
termite
comprehensive management
ecological environment
