摘要
凤翔是苏轼步入仕途的第一站,也是苏轼本人政治思想与诗歌艺术从稚嫩走向成熟的重要一站。苏轼初仕凤翔期间,在文学与政治两个方面的进步总称为“凤翔之变”。首先,苏轼早期诗歌按时间可分为南行诗和凤翔诗两部分,说诗者普遍认为苏轼的诗歌艺术在凤翔时期有一个突出的进步,主要在于诗歌语言技巧的进步,包括发展了曲喻的手法,克服了流易、刻意求奇等诗病,形成了流畅、以旧为新、善于蹈空的诗风。苏诗凤翔之变最大的特点在于诗艺进步之迅速与全面,与人面目一新之感,这与苏轼的有意学习和训练是分不开的。其次,苏轼早期思想具有儒道交融,仕隐矛盾,在官僚、学者、诗人诸身份间犹疑等特点。凤翔之变最重要的一点在于苏轼在政治思想上由青涩与理想化逐渐走向成熟与实事求是,这对其未来仕宦道路与政治观念产生了重要的影响。在此期间,苏轼也从对官僚身份认同的犹疑转向有意建立诗人和学者的身份认同上来。总而言之,凤翔之变是苏轼在文学与政治上走向成熟的重要标志。
Fengxiang(in today’s Shaanxi)was where Su Shi started his official career,and also where his political thought and poetic art began to mature.Su Shi’s progress in both political thought and poetic art is collectively referred to as the“Fengxiang Transformation”.Firstly,Su Shi’s early poetry consists of two parts according to the time of composition:Nanxing poetry and Fengxiang poetry.Later scholars generally believe that Su Shi made outstanding progress in his poetic art during his stay in Fengxiang.Specifically,he improved his poetic language skills by developing artistic use of metaphor,overcoming poetic diseases such as deliberate pursuit of novelty,and forming a smooth poetic style with techniques such as putting old words into creative use,and leaving room for the reader’s imagination.Su Shi’s Fengxiang Transformation is marked by a rapid and comprehensive progress of his poetic art,which is closely related to his intentional learning and training.Secondly,Su Shi’s early thoughts were characterized by the integration of Confucianism and Taoism,the contradiction between officialdom and seclusion,and the hesitation brought about by his multiple identities as an official,a scholar and a poet.An impressive change in Fengxiang was that Su Shi gradually matured from a political green hand of idealism to a realist,which had a significant impact on his future career and political philosophy.During this period,Su Shi also shifted from his frustrated identity of a bureaucrat to intentionally defining himself as a poet and a scholar.In a word,Fengxiang marked the change of Su Shi toward literary and political maturity.
作者
冯臻远
FENG Zhenyuan(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)
出处
《三苏学刊》
2025年第2期189-203,共15页
Journal of Three Sus Studies
关键词
苏轼
凤翔
诗歌技巧
政治思想
身份认同
Su Shi
Fengxiang
techniques of poetic composition
political ideology
identity
